本文選題：砂卵石介質(zhì) + 滲透系數(shù)�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：黃河取水含沙量高是影響區(qū)域地表水資源開發(fā)利用的一個(gè)難題,而采用人工濾床配合滲渠進(jìn)行取水,可通過人為調(diào)節(jié)同時(shí)滿足取水中質(zhì)和量兩方面的需求,是一種很有推廣和應(yīng)用前景的取水手段,在該技術(shù)中如何合理地確定濾床的過濾體型式和結(jié)構(gòu)是取水成敗的關(guān)鍵。 文章試圖從柳林縣黃河灘地原狀砂卵石介質(zhì)的室內(nèi)大尺度物理模型試驗(yàn)出發(fā),通過分析不同形狀和尺度漂石對(duì)砂卵石介質(zhì)滲透能力的影響,構(gòu)建漂石存在條件下砂卵石介質(zhì)的滲透模型；然后基于不同級(jí)配砂卵石介質(zhì)的滲透系數(shù)試驗(yàn),從特征粒徑指標(biāo)的角度分析了影響滲透系數(shù)的因素及規(guī)律,建立了用特征粒徑參數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)滲透系數(shù)的線性和非線性預(yù)報(bào)模型；最后對(duì)不同砂卵石組合型式對(duì)高含沙水的過濾效果進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)分析,提出了黃河灘地人工濾床推薦的過濾層和支撐層結(jié)構(gòu),其研究成果可以為山西省乃至全國傍河取高含沙水的濾床工程建設(shè)提供技術(shù)參考。 論文研究取得的主要成果包括： (1)漂石存在對(duì)砂卵石介質(zhì)滲流特性影響的臨界點(diǎn)為0.177,當(dāng)滲流水力梯度大于該值后,影響效果越來越顯著,反之則基本無影響；漂石的形狀、截面積和體積均會(huì)對(duì)砂卵石介質(zhì)的滲透系數(shù)產(chǎn)生不同的影響,過流界面越粗糙,或截面積越大,或體積越大時(shí),產(chǎn)生的滲流阻力越大,滲流速度就越小;而在漂石存在條件下砂卵石介質(zhì)的滲流模型可用二次多項(xiàng)式來描述。 (2)單一粒級(jí)組的砂卵石介質(zhì),隨著粒徑的減小其滲透系數(shù)逐漸降低,而它受壓力水頭的影響也越來越��；不同級(jí)配組合的砂卵石介質(zhì),其滲透系數(shù)的變化跟介質(zhì)的特征粒徑參數(shù)有關(guān),即有效粒徑、限制粒徑、不均勻系數(shù)和曲率系數(shù),而只有在其他參數(shù)給定范圍的情況下,才能確定滲透系數(shù)隨某一個(gè)參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律；最后,通過試驗(yàn)研究篩選出滲透性能最優(yōu)的砂卵石顆粒級(jí)配和結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)通過對(duì)大量不同級(jí)配砂卵石介質(zhì)滲透系數(shù)的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)可以用特征粒徑參數(shù)對(duì)滲透系數(shù)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)；然后構(gòu)建了以限制粒徑、有效粒徑、不均勻系數(shù)和曲率系數(shù)為自變量的多元線性和非線性回歸模型,模型預(yù)測(cè)值與實(shí)測(cè)值平均相對(duì)誤差分別為12.4%和26.2%,說明多元線性回歸模型的預(yù)測(cè)精度較高。 (4)在砂卵石介質(zhì)人工濾床過濾體的技術(shù)參數(shù)試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),采用0.25～1.Omm細(xì)顆粒介質(zhì)與土工布復(fù)合覆蓋層作為主過濾層、等粒徑介質(zhì)分層填筑作為支撐層,其水質(zhì)和水量均能滿足取水要求,且又便于淤泥的機(jī)械清除和清洗,阻泥、保滲、清洗效果都很好,是一種值得推薦的過濾型式。 論文的研究中在漂石對(duì)砂卵石介質(zhì)滲流影響分析、利用特征粒徑參數(shù)預(yù)報(bào)滲透系數(shù)及黃河灘地人工濾床的過濾體型式等方面有所創(chuàng)新。研究提出的人工濾床過濾取水方式可以更便捷的利用黃河高含沙水,是緩解區(qū)域水資源供需矛盾的一種新的有效途徑。而研究的主要成果都在試驗(yàn)室內(nèi)取得的,其在工程中的實(shí)用性及模型預(yù)測(cè)的精度等方面需在以后的實(shí)踐中進(jìn)一步完善和提高。
[Abstract]:The high sediment concentration in the Yellow River water intake is a difficult problem to influence the development and utilization of surface water resources in the region, and the use of artificial filter bed and Seepage Canal for water intake can meet the demand of two aspects of the quality and quantity of water in the water intake by artificial adjustment. It is a kind of water taking means which has a good prospect of popularization and application. In this technology, how to determine the filter bed reasonably Filter type and structure are the key to the success of water intake.
In this paper, the effect of different shapes and scale blebbles on the permeability of sand and gravel medium is analyzed from the large scale physical model test of the original sand and gravel medium in the Yellow River beach, Liulin County. The permeability model of gravel medium under the existence of blebstone is constructed, and the permeability coefficient test based on different graded gravel medium is then based on the analysis. From the angle of characteristic particle size, the factors and laws affecting the permeability coefficient are analyzed. A linear and nonlinear prediction model is established to predict the permeability coefficient with the characteristic particle size parameters. Finally, the filtration effect of different sand gravel combination types on the high sediment concentration water is tested and analyzed, and the filter layer recommended by artificial filter bed in the Yellow River beach land is proposed. The research results can provide technical reference for the construction of filter bed project for high sand water in Shanxi and even the whole country.
The main achievements of this research include:
(1) the critical point of the influence of blebstone on the percolation characteristics of sand gravel medium is 0.177. When the seepage hydraulic gradient is greater than that, the effect is more and more significant, and conversely, there is no influence. The shape, area and volume of the blebstone will have different influence on the permeability coefficient of the gravel medium, the more rough the overflow interface, the larger the cross section area. When the larger the volume is, the larger the seepage resistance is, the smaller the seepage velocity is, and the seepage model of the gravel medium can be described by the two polynomial.
(2) the sand gravel medium in the single particle group decreases with the decrease of the particle size, and it is less and less affected by the pressure water head; the permeability coefficient varies with the characteristic particle size parameters of the medium, that is, the effective particle size, the grain size, the inhomogeneous coefficient and the curvature coefficient, but only the effective particle size, the inhomogeneous coefficient and the curvature coefficient. In the case of a given range of other parameters, the variation of the permeability coefficient with a certain parameter can be determined. Finally, the particle size distribution and structure of the sand boulder with the best permeability are selected through the experimental study.
(3) through the study of the experimental data on the permeability coefficient of a large number of different graded gravel media, it is found that the permeability coefficient can be predicted and predicted with the characteristic particle size parameters, and then a multivariate linear and nonlinear regression model is constructed to restrict the particle size, effective particle size, nonuniform coefficient and curvature coefficient as independent variables. The average relative error of measured values is 12.4% and 26.2% respectively, indicating that the prediction accuracy of multivariate linear regression model is high.
(4) in the technical parameters test of sand gravel medium filter bed filter body, it is found that the composite covering layer of 0.25 ~ 1.Omm fine particle medium and geotextile is used as the main filter layer, and the water quality and water can meet the requirement of water intake, and the water quality and water can meet the requirements of water intake, and it also facilitates the cleaning and cleaning of silt, mud resistance, infiltration and cleaning. The washing effect is very good. It is a recommended filter type.
In the study of this paper, the influence of blebstone on the seepage of sand and gravel is analyzed, the characteristic particle size parameters are used to predict the permeability coefficient and the filter type of the artificial filter bed in the Yellow River beach. The proposed method of filtering the water from the artificial filter bed can be more convenient to use the high sediment water in the Yellow River to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources in the region. The main achievements of the study are obtained in the laboratory, and the practicality of the project and the accuracy of the model prediction need to be further improved and improved in the future practice.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TV139.1;TU991.1

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