本文選題：建筑節(jié)能 + 煤矸石空心砌塊　； 參考：《安徽建筑大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著能源環(huán)境的不斷惡化，建筑面積不斷的增長，建筑能耗越來越成為經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展的瓶頸。有研究表明通過圍護結(jié)構(gòu)耗散的能量占建筑總能耗的1/3以上，是建筑節(jié)能工作應(yīng)關(guān)注的重點。 國外的砌塊類墻材起步早、發(fā)展快，相比國內(nèi)同類型或同材質(zhì)砌塊在熱工參數(shù)方面有較大的領(lǐng)先。國外針對砌塊的研究集中在如何提高其保溫隔熱性能方面，通常采取的方法是對研制空心砌塊并利用有限元軟件為工具進行熱工參數(shù)的數(shù)值計算。 從利廢、節(jié)能的角度出發(fā)，文章對現(xiàn)有煤矸石燒結(jié)空心砌塊熱工性能進行研究并提出一定的改進方法。文章以190mm煤矸石燒結(jié)空心砌塊墻體與240mm粘土實心磚墻體為研究對象，進行實驗測量。測得兩種墻體的傳熱系數(shù)分別為2.09W/(m~2·K）與2.70W/(m~2·K)。同時引入?yún)?shù)“質(zhì)量相關(guān)總熱效率”來同時衡量墻體在輕質(zhì)、高熱阻兩個方面的綜合性能，凸顯出煤矸石燒結(jié)空心砌塊相比傳統(tǒng)砌塊的優(yōu)勢。 利用有限元軟件NX I-DEAS對墻體進行了模擬計算，得出該軟件在計算墻體熱工參數(shù)方面的精度滿足要求的結(jié)論。隨后基于該軟件對設(shè)計的18種孔洞排列數(shù)的煤矸石燒結(jié)空心砌塊模型進行傳熱系數(shù)的計算。再輔以力學(xué)分析，最終選定單排六列的孔洞排列數(shù)最優(yōu)的排列配置。計算出的傳熱系數(shù)1.72W/(m~2·K)，比實驗中使用的兩排三列砌塊在傳熱系數(shù)上降低了19.62%，有較大的提高。 針對選定的單排六孔煤矸石燒結(jié)空心砌塊，討論在填充保溫材料的幾種方式上砌塊熱工參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律。通過對填充位置、填充率、填充材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)等幾個方面的討論，得出填充材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)是影響砌塊傳熱系數(shù)的主要因素，并選定聚氨酯為最優(yōu)填充材料，，使得砌塊傳熱系數(shù)進一步降低至1.55W/(m~2·K)。 對改進后的砌塊與不同導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)砂漿配合砌筑的墻體熱工表現(xiàn)進行分析。指出墻體中不可忽視的“熱橋”效應(yīng)的影響。改進后的砌塊僅在與導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)不大于0.37W/(m·K)的砂漿配合時，墻體的傳熱系數(shù)才能滿足夏熱冬冷地區(qū)圍護結(jié)構(gòu)在傳熱系數(shù)方面的要求。 在結(jié)論與展望中詳細(xì)的闡述了文中研究成果，并指出了文中的不足之處。對于空心砌塊類墻材的研究要結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬和實驗比對，才能更好的控制數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性，真正達到降低維護結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱系數(shù)的目的
[Abstract]:With the continuous deterioration of energy environment and the continuous growth of building area, building energy consumption has become the bottleneck of economic and social development. Some studies show that the energy dissipation through the enclosure structure accounts for more than one third of the total building energy consumption, which is the focus of building energy conservation work. The wall materials of block type abroad started early and developed rapidly. Compared with the same type or the same material block in China, it has a great lead in thermal parameters. The research abroad focuses on how to improve the thermal insulation performance of block. The usual method is to develop hollow block and use finite element software as a tool to carry out the numerical calculation of thermal parameters. From the point of view of waste benefit and energy saving, this paper studies the thermal performance of existing coal gangue sintered hollow block and puts forward some improvement methods. In this paper, 190mm gangue sintered hollow block wall and 240mm clay solid brick wall are taken as research objects. The heat transfer coefficients of the two kinds of walls are 2.09W/(m~2 K and 2.70W/(m~2 K respectively. At the same time, the parameter "quality correlation total thermal efficiency" is introduced to measure the comprehensive performance of the wall in light weight and high thermal resistance simultaneously, which highlights the advantages of coal gangue sintered hollow block compared with traditional block. The finite element software NX I-DEAS is used to simulate and calculate the wall, and the conclusion is drawn that the accuracy of the software in calculating the thermal parameters of the wall meets the requirements. Based on the software, the heat transfer coefficient of the coal gangue sintered hollow block model with 18 kinds of holes arranged is calculated. Finally, the optimal arrangement of the number of holes arranged in six rows of single rows is selected with the help of mechanical analysis. The calculated heat transfer coefficient (1.72W/(m~2) is 19.62% lower than that of the two rows and three rows of blocks used in the experiment. According to the single row six hole coal gangue sintered hollow block, the variation rule of block thermal parameters in several ways of filling insulation material is discussed. Through the discussion of filling position, filling rate and thermal conductivity of filling material, it is concluded that the thermal conductivity of filling material is the main factor that affects the heat transfer coefficient of block, and polyurethane is selected as the best filling material. The heat transfer coefficient of block is further reduced to 1.55W/(m~2 Ke. The thermal performance of the improved masonry block combined with mortar with different thermal conductivity is analyzed. The influence of "hot bridge" effect which can not be ignored in the wall is pointed out. Only when the improved block is matched with mortar whose thermal conductivity is not greater than 0.37W/(m K, the heat transfer coefficient of wall can meet the requirement of heat transfer coefficient of enclosure structure in hot summer and cold winter area. In conclusion and prospect, the research results of this paper are described in detail, and the shortcomings of the paper are pointed out. The research of hollow block wall material should be combined with numerical simulation and experimental comparison in order to control the accuracy of the data better and achieve the goal of reducing the heat transfer coefficient of maintenance structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU522.3

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