本文選題：挖掘機(jī) + 液壓系統(tǒng)�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：挖掘機(jī)作為一種工程機(jī)械，在工業(yè)與民用建筑中廣泛使用，液壓挖掘機(jī)憑借其性能、指標(biāo)上的優(yōu)越性也得到迅速發(fā)展。液壓挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的性能決定著挖掘效率和可靠性，而多路閥性能好壞決定著液壓系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，因此工作裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)、液壓系統(tǒng)及多路閥的不斷改進(jìn)和創(chuàng)新是液壓挖掘機(jī)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。 對于挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的研究，本論文主要從兩方面進(jìn)行分析：一方面是工作裝置的運(yùn)動分析；另一方面是工作裝置的液壓系統(tǒng)分析。 論文以某公司的20噸級液壓挖掘機(jī)為研究對象，利用LMS Virtual.lab Motion仿真軟件對挖掘機(jī)進(jìn)行整機(jī)的動力學(xué)仿真，利用AMESim仿真軟件對該型號的挖掘機(jī)進(jìn)行液壓系統(tǒng)的建模、仿真，并利用這兩個軟件進(jìn)行機(jī)液聯(lián)合仿真，做出簡單的系統(tǒng)分析，并用試驗進(jìn)行相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的驗證；最后對于閥體的結(jié)構(gòu)提出了幾點改進(jìn)優(yōu)化方案。 本論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 1.闡述本課題研究的背景和意義，，分別介紹了液壓挖掘機(jī)國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢，液壓挖掘機(jī)液壓技術(shù)和仿真技術(shù)的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。 2.對工作裝置進(jìn)行理論分析和運(yùn)動學(xué)仿真分析。首先，利用D-H坐標(biāo)系理論分析挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的運(yùn)動位姿空間；其次，在CATIA中建立整機(jī)三維模型，導(dǎo)入LMSVirtual.lab Motion中，并對模型適當(dāng)簡化后，建立挖掘機(jī)整機(jī)動力學(xué)模型，進(jìn)行挖掘機(jī)工作裝置的挖掘包絡(luò)線模擬。 3.對工作裝置的液壓系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行理論分析和仿真分析。首先將挖掘機(jī)工作裝置單獨的液壓回路原理進(jìn)行介紹，再利用AMESim軟件建立多路閥及上車工作裝置液壓系統(tǒng)的模型，并進(jìn)行簡單的液壓系統(tǒng)仿真分析。 4.對工作裝置進(jìn)行機(jī)液聯(lián)合仿真分析。在AMESim和LMS Virtual.lab Motion之間設(shè)置好接口，進(jìn)行機(jī)械系統(tǒng)和液壓系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)合仿真，模擬挖掘機(jī)的真實作業(yè)過程，使仿真數(shù)據(jù)更加接近試驗數(shù)據(jù)，為進(jìn)一步的試驗分析提供依據(jù)。 5.對挖掘機(jī)的工作過程進(jìn)行試驗研究，測量工作裝置的壓力、流量、油缸位移等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。一方面進(jìn)行空載單動作的試驗測量，每個單動作在兩個不同轉(zhuǎn)速下重復(fù)幾次試驗，用來計算出工作裝置的油缸摩擦力；另一方面測量復(fù)合動作，模擬空載挖掘全過程。最后分析工作裝置單動作和復(fù)合動作的實驗數(shù)據(jù)，并與仿真數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比。 6.對閥體的結(jié)構(gòu)提出了兩點改進(jìn)方案：一是從增大流量的觀點出發(fā)，提出了增加進(jìn)出油口通道來增大流量；另一方向是從控制部分著手，以跟隨原理的理念設(shè)計主閥桿的跟隨運(yùn)動，也相當(dāng)于一個閉環(huán)控制，以此來降低液動力對閥芯的擾動，最終實現(xiàn)對閥桿運(yùn)動的精確控制。
[Abstract]:As a kind of construction machinery, excavator is widely used in industrial and civil buildings. Hydraulic excavator has been developed rapidly by virtue of its performance.The performance of the working device of hydraulic excavator determines the efficiency and reliability of excavating, and the performance of multi-way valve determines the stability of hydraulic system, so the structure of the working device,The improvement and innovation of hydraulic system and multi-way valve are the key to the further development of hydraulic excavator.For the research of excavator working device, this paper mainly analyzes from two aspects: on the one hand, motion analysis of the working device; on the other hand, the hydraulic system analysis of the working device.This paper takes the 20-ton hydraulic excavator of a company as the research object, uses the LMS Virtual.lab Motion simulation software to carry on the dynamics simulation to the excavator, uses the AMESim simulation software to carry on the modeling and the simulation to the hydraulic system of the excavator.The two softwares are used to simulate the mechanical and hydraulic system to make simple system analysis and test to verify the relevant data. Finally, several improved optimization schemes for the structure of the valve body are proposed.The main contents of this thesis are as follows:1.This paper expounds the background and significance of this research, introduces the research status and development trend of hydraulic excavator at home and abroad, and the development status of hydraulic technology and simulation technology of hydraulic excavator at home and abroad.2.Theoretical analysis and kinematics simulation analysis of the working device are carried out.Firstly, using D-H coordinate system theory to analyze the motion position and pose space of excavator's working device; secondly, establishing the whole machine's three-dimensional model in CATIA, importing it into LMSVirtual.lab Motion, and establishing the excavator's whole machine dynamic model after the model is simplified properly.The excavation envelope line simulation of excavator working device is carried out.3.The hydraulic system of the working device is analyzed theoretically and simulated.Firstly, the principle of hydraulic circuit of excavator working device is introduced, and then the hydraulic system model of multi-way valve and boarding working device is established by using AMESim software, and a simple simulation analysis of hydraulic system is carried out.4.The machine-liquid joint simulation analysis is carried out on the working device.The interface between AMESim and LMS Virtual.lab Motion is set up, the joint simulation of mechanical system and hydraulic system is carried out, the real operation process of excavator is simulated, and the simulation data are closer to the test data, which provides the basis for further test analysis.5.The working process of the excavator is studied experimentally, and the pressure, flow rate and displacement of the cylinder are measured.On the one hand, the experimental measurement of no-load single action is carried out, each single action is repeated several times at two different rotational speeds to calculate the friction force of the cylinder of the working device; on the other hand, the composite action is measured to simulate the whole process of no-load excavation.Finally, the experimental data of single action and compound action of the working device are analyzed and compared with the simulation data.6.Two improvements to the structure of the valve body are put forward: one is to increase the flow rate from the point of view of increasing the flow rate, and the other is to increase the flow rate by increasing the inlet and outlet passage, and the other direction is to start from the control part.The following motion of the main stem is designed according to the principle of follow, which is equivalent to a closed loop control, so as to reduce the disturbance of the hydraulic force to the valve core and to realize the accurate control of the stem motion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU621

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