發(fā)布時間：2018-04-05 04:29

  本文選題：古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點：碳纖維布　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)由于其獨特的結(jié)構(gòu)特性而具有優(yōu)良的力學(xué)性能，使得像山西佛光寺大殿以及五臺山南禪寺大殿這些經(jīng)歷千年風(fēng)吹雨打和多次地震的典型古建筑物依然屹立于中華大地。然而，在漫長的歷史歲月中，由于材料的老化、腐朽、蟲蛀以及強震、戰(zhàn)火、風(fēng)雨侵蝕等自然力以及人為的破壞，再加上多年來對其保護不夠重視、年久失修，使得這些現(xiàn)存古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)處于結(jié)構(gòu)體系破壞、多種病害纏身、險情不斷發(fā)展甚至潛伏坍塌的危險狀態(tài)。因此，作為國家重點文化保護遺產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)存古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑物，其修繕加固工作變得尤為重要。 本文結(jié)合汶川地震后對現(xiàn)存古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)的震害調(diào)查，通過系統(tǒng)歸納和分類統(tǒng)計，對古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)的地基基礎(chǔ)、梁柱和g揾1等構(gòu)件、榫卯節(jié)點、整體穩(wěn)定性以及圍護結(jié)構(gòu)在地震作用下的破壞情況及破壞原因、木材性能退化等進行了詳細(xì)的分析和探討；并針對結(jié)構(gòu)不同的破壞情況，提出了相應(yīng)的抗震加固方法。 為了掌握古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)地震作用下的破壞過程及對應(yīng)的破壞狀態(tài)，對震后古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞程度做出合理的評估，基于燕尾榫柱架和g揾1鋪作層低周反復(fù)荷載作用下的滯回特性和能量耗散原理，將燕尾榫柱架和g揾1鋪作層看做兩耗能構(gòu)件，計算出其在低周反復(fù)荷載作用下的“抵抗破壞潛能”；根據(jù)古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)振動臺試驗，計算出各工況地震作用下每一耗能構(gòu)件所耗散的能量；基于構(gòu)件的“抵抗破壞潛能”和各工況下的地震耗能情況建立耗能構(gòu)件在不同地震作用下的地震破壞評估模型，并借助于能量分配系數(shù)找出了各耗能構(gòu)件破壞狀態(tài)與整體結(jié)構(gòu)破壞狀態(tài)之間的關(guān)系，從而建立整體結(jié)構(gòu)在不同地震作用下的破壞評估模型。應(yīng)用該地震破壞評估模型，分別對燕尾榫柱架和g揾1鋪作層以及整體結(jié)構(gòu)進行構(gòu)件地震破壞評估和整體結(jié)構(gòu)地震破壞評估，所得到的破壞系數(shù)能較好地反映各構(gòu)件以及整體結(jié)構(gòu)在不同地震作用下的破壞狀態(tài)。 對按照宋代《營造法式》構(gòu)造要求制作的古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)實體加固模型進行模擬振動臺試驗。選用三條地震波分別對結(jié)構(gòu)模型的柱根、柱頭、鋪作、乳h?的位移、加速度響應(yīng)、地震剪力以及榫卯節(jié)點的內(nèi)力進行定量研究，并對結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞形態(tài)、動力特性、扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)進行定性分析。研究結(jié)果表明：柱礎(chǔ)的摩擦滑移、半剛性榫卯節(jié)點的轉(zhuǎn)動以及g揾1鋪作層的滑移使得結(jié)構(gòu)模型地震響應(yīng)大幅度減小，滿足“小震不壞、中震可修、大震不倒”的設(shè)計要求；結(jié)構(gòu)模型最大剪力沿高度的分布出現(xiàn)在柱架層或柱礎(chǔ)層，并非一定出現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)的柱礎(chǔ)最低層；得出榫卯節(jié)點不同工況下的轉(zhuǎn)動彎矩最大值；由于高振型的參與以及質(zhì)量和剛度不均勻分布，結(jié)構(gòu)模型在400Gal后出現(xiàn)明顯的扭轉(zhuǎn)。 根據(jù)碳纖維布加固古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)性能，基于試驗和理論分析，分別得出了能夠體現(xiàn)碳纖維布加固古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)獨特受力性能的各關(guān)鍵部位或構(gòu)件的恢復(fù)力特性曲線；用Combine40彈簧單元、Combine39彈簧單元+Combine14彈簧單元以及Combine39彈簧單元簡化模擬柱腳與礎(chǔ)石間的摩擦滑移特性、半剛性榫卯及g揾1連接，建立整體結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元計算模型。模態(tài)分析得出了結(jié)構(gòu)模型的前十階振型及自振頻率。地震響應(yīng)分析顯示，隨著地震動強度的增大，結(jié)構(gòu)各層的最大位移值和加速度值逐漸增大，同時各層的動力放大系數(shù)越來越小，說明大震時半剛性榫卯連接的減震效果比中震和小震時的減震效果要好。 殿堂式古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)由于其獨特的構(gòu)造特點而具有與現(xiàn)代建筑結(jié)構(gòu)不同的抗震性能，現(xiàn)有的結(jié)構(gòu)動力分析模型對于古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)不再適用。基于其水平地震作用下的受力性能及動力破壞形態(tài)，給出了關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件的簡化分析模型，將柱架簡化為“搖擺柱”，將g揾1鋪作層簡化為“剪彎桿”；根據(jù)簡化分析模型及整體結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量分布情況，提出了單層殿堂式古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)的兩質(zhì)點“搖擺-剪彎”動力分析模型；結(jié)合構(gòu)件試驗以及動力學(xué)理論推導(dǎo)得到了動力分析模型不同受力狀態(tài)下各參數(shù)的計算方法及適用范圍，并與振動臺試驗結(jié)果進行對比。結(jié)果表明，提出的動力分析模型可以較好地反映單層殿堂式古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)在水平地震作用下的動力反應(yīng)。 最后，結(jié)合碳纖維布和扁鋼加固燕尾榫節(jié)點在外荷載作用下的受力破壞性能，并根據(jù)試驗破壞情況，，提出了碳纖維布和扁鋼加固古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)燕尾榫節(jié)點的抗彎承載力計算公式，并給出了合理的加固設(shè)計建議，為古建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)的修繕加固提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Ancient timber structure has excellent mechanical properties due to its unique structural characteristics, such as the Shanxi Great Hall of Foguang temple and Mount Wutai nanchansi temple through the millennium and the typical earthquakes exposed to wind and rain of ancient buildings still standing in China. However, in the long years of history, due to material aging, decay, and moth earthquake, fire, wind and rain erosion and other natural and man-made destruction, plus years of its protection is not enough attention to the state of disrepair, the existing ancient wooden structures in the structure damage, disease ridden, development and even the danger lurking danger state collapse. Therefore, as the extant ancient wooden structures in the national key cultural heritage buildings, the repair work has become particularly important.
According to the Wenchuan earthquake disaster investigation of existing ancient timber structure, through the systematic induction and classification statistics, the foundation of ancient architecture, and made 1 g beam column element, mortise tenon joints, the overall stability and retaining structure damage under earthquake and the causes of damage and degradation properties of wood carried out a detailed analysis and discussion; and for the destruction of different structure, put forward the corresponding seismic reinforcement method.
In order to grasp the failure process and failure state corresponding to seismic wooden structure of ancient buildings under the effect, make a reasonable assessment of the earthquake damage of ancient timber structure, dovetail column frame and G can shop for 1 layer under low cyclic loading hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation principle based on the dovetail column frame and G can shop for 1 layer as two energy component, calculated under low cyclic loading "resistance failure potential"; according to the ancient timber structure shaking table test, calculate the earthquake under the action of each energy component by the dissipation of energy; the establishment of energy component seismic energy dissipation member resistance the potential damage and under different working conditions based on different earthquake damage assessment model, and based on the energy distribution coefficient was found between damage state and the overall structure of the energy component damage state, from The damage assessment model and establish the overall structure in different earthquake. The seismic damage assessment model, respectively. The dovetail column frame and G can shop for 1 layer and the overall structure of the component seismic damage assessment and the overall structure of seismic damage assessment, failure damage coefficient obtained can reflect each component and the overall the structure under different earthquake action.
The French construction entity > ancient wooden structures produced by the shaking table test model according to the Song Dynasty. "Create a reinforcement of three seismic waves were selected column roots, the structural model of stigma, shop, milk H? Displacement, acceleration response, quantitative research of seismic shear and internal force of mortise and tenon joints, and the failure modes, the dynamic characteristics of the structure, the torsional effect is qualitatively analyzed. The results show that: the friction base, rotating semi-rigid mortise tenon joint and G can shop for 1 layer slip structure model which the seismic response is greatly reduced, to meet the" minor earthquake, repairable under moderate earthquake, design requirements the earthquake does not fall "; the structure model of the maximum shear in the column frame layer or the base layer along the height distribution, not necessarily appear in the lowest layer zhuchu structure; the tenon joints under different conditions the maximum moment due to high rotation; The participation of the vibration mode and the uneven distribution of the mass and stiffness, the structural model appears obviously torsional after 400Gal.
According to the mechanical properties of wooden structure of ancient buildings strengthened with CFRP, based on experimental and theoretical analysis, were obtained to reflect the CFRP ancient wooden structures by unique key positions of the force performance and restoring force characteristic curve; Combine40 spring unit, Combine39 unit and Combine39 unit +Combine14 spring spring spring element simplified simulation the friction characteristics of the column and base between semi-rigid, tenon and G make 1 connections, the overall structure of the finite element calculation model. The modal analysis obtained the structure model with ten modes and natural frequency. The seismic response analysis showed that with the increase of seismic intensity, and acceleration values gradually increase the maximum the displacement of each layer, and each layer of the dynamic amplification coefficient is more and more small, illustrate the shock absorption effect damping effect of semi-rigid mortise and tenon connection than moderate and small earthquakes when the earthquake occurs It's a good fruit.
Palace style of ancient wooden structure seismic behavior is different from modern building structures due to its unique structural characteristics, the model is no longer suitable for ancient wooden building. The existing structure dynamic analysis under horizontal earthquake force performance and dynamic failure mode based on the analysis for the simplified model of the key components of the column frame is simplified as a "swing column", will make the G shop for 1 layer simplified to "shear bending rod"; according to the simplified mass distribution model and the overall structure of the situation, put forward the monolayer hall style ancient timber structure of the two particle "swing and shear bending dynamic analysis model; combining component test and dynamic theoretical derivation the calculation methods of the parameters of dynamic analysis model under different stress state and scope, and compared with the results of shaking table test. The results show that the proposed dynamic analysis model can be used to It reflects the dynamic response of the single storey palaeo architectural wood structure under the horizontal earthquake.
Finally, combined with carbon fiber cloth and steel reinforcement dovetail joints in the external load damage performance, and according to the failure test, the bearing capacity calculation formula of flexural strengthening of ancient timber structure dovetail with CFRP and steel joints is put forward, and gives reasonable suggestions of strengthening design, provide a theoretical basis for the as the ancient wooden building repairs and reinforcement.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU366.2

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