山地小城鎮(zhèn)排水體制優(yōu)選決策模型研究
本文選題:三峽庫(kù)區(qū) 切入點(diǎn):山地小城鎮(zhèn) 出處:《重慶大學(xué)》2013年博士論文
【摘要】:如何合理地選擇排水體制,,是城鎮(zhèn)排水系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)中舉足輕重的問(wèn)題,它不僅從根本上影響排水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、施工和排水設(shè)施的維護(hù)管理,而且會(huì)對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)的環(huán)境保護(hù)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響,同時(shí)也影響排水系統(tǒng)工程的投資和維護(hù)管理費(fèi)用。三峽庫(kù)區(qū)存在著數(shù)目眾多的山地小城鎮(zhèn),其在自然地理、城鎮(zhèn)布局以及社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面有其特殊性。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),山地小城鎮(zhèn)排水設(shè)施在設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)、運(yùn)行管理時(shí)主要沿用針對(duì)大中城市排水系統(tǒng)的規(guī)范或標(biāo)準(zhǔn),造成排水體制選擇不合理,工程投資和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用高,運(yùn)行管理效率低下。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,本論文以三峽庫(kù)區(qū)重慶市山地小城鎮(zhèn)為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)大量實(shí)地調(diào)研及污水和雨水水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)、專家問(wèn)卷分析、綜合評(píng)價(jià)等方法,深入地研究了不同類型山地小城鎮(zhèn)雨水徑流污染及排污規(guī)律,建立了不同排水體制下山地小城鎮(zhèn)污染負(fù)荷模型,從而構(gòu)建出山地小城鎮(zhèn)排水體制優(yōu)選決策模型。主要研究結(jié)果如下: ①不同雨水徑流污染物濃度變化規(guī)律不具備一致的相關(guān)性;不同降雨過(guò)程中,居民型山地小城鎮(zhèn)同一種雨水徑流污染物濃度隨徑流時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律可能不同;旅游型山地小城鎮(zhèn)同一種雨水徑流污染物濃度隨徑流時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律可能相同。 ②不同降雨過(guò)程中,同一種徑流污染物的初期效應(yīng)出現(xiàn)的頻率和強(qiáng)度可能不同;同一場(chǎng)降雨中不同徑流污染物的初期效應(yīng)出現(xiàn)的頻率和強(qiáng)度也可能不同。從目前的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果來(lái)看,初期效應(yīng)不是普遍現(xiàn)象。 ③居民型山地小城鎮(zhèn)雨水徑流污染物TN和NH3-N的平均濃度(SEMC)比旅游型山地小城鎮(zhèn)高,而旅游型山地小城鎮(zhèn)雨水徑流污染物COD、SS和TP的平均濃度(SEMC)遠(yuǎn)比居民型山地小城鎮(zhèn)高;山地小城鎮(zhèn)雨水徑流污染物COD和NH3-N濃度均高于V類水質(zhì)濃度限值,對(duì)周圍水環(huán)境影響較大,地面雨水徑流污染不容忽視。 ④山地小城鎮(zhèn)同一種污染物單位面積次降雨負(fù)荷差異較大;不同類型山地小城鎮(zhèn)同一種污染物單位面積次降雨負(fù)荷相差也非常懸殊;以降雨徑流量出現(xiàn)的頻率表示不同雨水徑流污染負(fù)荷出現(xiàn)的概率,重慶市年徑流量頻率曲線表明,山地小城鎮(zhèn)中等污染負(fù)荷出現(xiàn)概率最大,概率為75%,而較小的污染負(fù)荷和較大的污染負(fù)荷出現(xiàn)概率合計(jì)僅為25%。 ⑤采用Delphi法建立和篩選出山地小城鎮(zhèn)排水體制綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),建立山地小城鎮(zhèn)排水體制綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系;利用特征向量法確定各評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重;選擇模糊物元分析法作為綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法,建立了山地小城鎮(zhèn)排水體制優(yōu)選決策模型,并利用VB編程設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)出綜合評(píng)價(jià)決策軟件。以居民型山地小城鎮(zhèn)為例,對(duì)山地小城鎮(zhèn)排水體制優(yōu)選模型中的各參數(shù)進(jìn)行了率定。通過(guò)軟件運(yùn)算,結(jié)果顯示:在給定條件下,對(duì)于居民型山地小城鎮(zhèn),完全分流制是最適合的排水體制。選取了2個(gè)典型山地小城鎮(zhèn)利用山地小城鎮(zhèn)排水體制優(yōu)選模型對(duì)排水體制進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:How to select the drainage system reasonably is an important problem in the planning and design of urban drainage system . It not only affects the design , construction and maintenance management of drainage system , but also affects the investment and maintenance of drainage system engineering .
( 1 ) There is no consistent correlation between the variation law of pollutant concentration of different rainfall runoff ;
In the different rainfall process , the variation law of runoff time is different from the concentration of the runoff time .
The variation law of runoff time is probably the same as that of runoff time .
( 2 ) the frequency and intensity of the initial effect of the same kind of runoff pollutant may be different during different rainfall processes ;
The frequency and intensity of the initial effects of different runoff pollutants in the same rainfall may be different . From the present experimental results , the initial effect is not a common phenomenon .
( 3 ) The average concentration of TN and NH _ 3 - N ( SEMC ) of rainwater runoff pollutants in urban small towns was higher than that in the tourism - type mountain towns , while the average concentration of COD , SS and TP ( SEMC ) of the rainwater runoff pollutants in the small towns in the mountainous areas was much higher than that of the urban small towns of the residents .
The COD and NH3 - N concentration of rainwater runoff in small towns in the mountainous areas are higher than those of the V - type water quality limit , so the environmental impact on the surrounding water is relatively large , and the runoff pollution of the rainwater runoff on the ground cannot be ignored .
( 4 ) There is a large difference in the rainfall load between the small towns of the mountain and the area of a pollutant unit ;
There is also a very large difference in rainfall load between different types of mountain towns and one pollutant unit area .
The frequency curve of runoff in Chongqing indicates that the probability of occurrence of medium pollution load in mountain small town is the largest , the probability is 75 % , and the probability of small pollution load and large pollution load is only 25 % .
( 5 ) Using Delphi method to establish and filter the comprehensive evaluation index of drainage system in mountain towns and towns , and establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for the drainage system of small towns in mountain areas ;
the weight of each evaluation index is determined by using the feature vector method ;
This paper selects fuzzy matter element analysis method as comprehensive evaluation method , establishes the optimal decision - making model of drainage system in mountain town , and develops comprehensive evaluation decision - making software by using VB programming design .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:TU992.0
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