本文選題：記憶合金　切入點：超彈性　出處：《華南理工大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：形狀記憶合金（Shape Memory Alloy）的超彈性是指材料在外力作用下會發(fā)生馬氏體相變，產生較大的變形，應力去除后會發(fā)生馬氏體逆相變，并恢復到原來的形狀。利用記憶合金的超彈性可以耗能，開發(fā)出了多種自復位記憶合金阻尼器，部分記憶合金阻尼器也在實際工程中得到了應用。利用自復位的記憶合金阻尼器進行耗能減震時，不需要外部能量的輸入，結構沒有殘余側移，值得重視。 為推廣記憶合金阻尼器的工程應用，本文利用記憶合金材料的Brinson本構模型，通過MATLAB編程進行阻尼器的力學性能模擬，并在此基礎上通過時域積分進行SMA阻尼器減震效果分析與評價。本文具體工作如下： 1.介紹了對記憶合金的超彈特性，并對直徑1mm的NiTi SMA絲進行了力學試驗，研究了加載速率、應變幅值及循環(huán)次數等因素對SMA超彈特性的影響。同時，介紹了記憶合金的唯象本構模型的發(fā)展演變過程，并利用Brinson本構模型在MATLAB中編程得到材料的相變運動方程的數值解，從而描述SMA材料的應力-應變關系。實驗與理論分析結果表明采用Brinson模型的數值模擬能很好的反映SMA材料的超彈性。 2.介紹了三種典型的自復位SMA阻尼器構造，通過將阻尼器元件分為回位組和耗能組，并在此基礎上研究了阻尼器發(fā)生相對位移時各功能組元件的內力變化。針對利用預張拉的SMA絲組耗能、彈簧提供回位力的自復位SMA阻尼器，建立了力學平衡方程，，并在Brinson本構模型的基礎上，根據阻尼器內部相對位移推算出耗能組反力，疊加彈簧反力，借助MATLAB編程從而計算出整個阻尼器的力-位移滯回曲線。 3.利用記憶合金本構模型，通過MATLAB編程，對布置自復位SMA阻尼器進行減震的三層鋼框架結構進行了結構動力響應分析。具體分析過程如下：首先將結構模型簡化為層間剪切模型，并提取出主結構的剛度矩陣、質量矩陣和阻尼矩陣；建立被動結構的動力方程，利用Wilson-θ法并考慮阻尼器提供的控制力，在MATLAB軟件中編制了結構的動態(tài)仿真分析程序。選取El Centro(NS)波、Northridge(NS)波和Taft波作為地震激勵，對結構分別進行了有控和無控的動力響應分析，對比了兩種情況下結構的層間位移響應、樓層最大加速度與最大樓層剪力。 4.為評價自復位SMA阻尼器的振動控制效果，對自復位SMA阻尼器進行了Benchmark結構分析，具體為：針對高、中、低層三種Benchmark結構，在SAP2000中建立了有限元模型，分析了有控與無控結構的地震動響應，評價了自復位SMA阻尼器對不同結構的減震作用。另外，對采用自復位SMA阻尼器加強的某6層宿舍樓加固工程，分析了阻尼器布置方式對結構減震效果的影響。
[Abstract]:Shape memory alloy (Shape Memory Alloy) refers to the super elastic material will undergo a martensitic transformation under the external force, deformation, should reverse martensitic transformation will force after the removal, and return to its original shape. The memory alloy can super elastic energy, the development of a variety of self reset memory alloy the damper, part of memory alloy damper has been applied in practical engineering. By using the energy dissipation from memory alloy damper reset, without the need of external energy input structure, not worthy of attention shift, residual side.
For the engineering application of memory alloy damper, this paper use the Brinson memory alloy material constitutive model, simulate the mechanical properties of the damper through MATLAB programming, analysis and evaluation of SMA damper based on temporal integration and on the basis of the specific work is as follows:
The 1. introduces the super elastic characteristics of memory alloy, mechanical test and the diameter of 1mm NiTi SMA wire, studied the influencing factors of loading rate, strain amplitude and cycle times of SMA super bomb. At the same time, the memory alloy phenomenological constitutive model of the evolution of the development process, and the use of the numerical Brinson constitutive model in MATLAB programming solution of the equations of motion of phase change materials, so as to describe the stress-strain relationship of SMA materials. The experimental and theoretical analysis results show that the simulation can reflect the SMA material's super elastic numerical Brinson model was used.
The 2. introduces three typical self reset SMA damper structure, the damper element is divided into back group and energy group, and on the basis of the damper force variation functional components of the relative displacement. For the use of pre tensioned SMA wire group energy, self centering spring return force of SMA damper the established mechanics balance equation, and based on the constitutive model of Brinson damper, according to the internal relative displacement calculated energy group force superposition spring reaction force, using MATLAB programming to calculate the damper force displacement hysteresis curve.
3. of the memory alloy constitutive model, through MATLAB programming, the three storey steel frame structure layout self resetting of SMA dampers for structural dynamic response analysis. The specific analysis is as follows: first, the structural model is simplified as interlaminar shear model, and extract the main structure of the stiffness matrix, mass matrix and damping matrix the establishment of dynamic equation; passive structure, using Wilson- method and considering the control force with the damper, in MATLAB software for dynamic simulation analysis of the structure of program. Select El (NS) Centro (NS) wave, Northridge wave and Taft wave as seismic excitations on the structure were carried out with no power control and analysis the comparison of structural response control, two cases of inter layer displacement response, maximum acceleration and maximum floor shear.
4. for the evaluation of self vibration reduction and SMA damper control effect on self reset SMA dampers for Benchmark structure analysis, considering the high, low, three layer Benchmark structure in SAP2000 finite element model, analyzed the response control and no control structure of the seismic evaluation, self reset SMA damper on the damping effect of different structures. In addition, the reinforcement from a 6 storey dormitory building to strengthen the reduction of SMA damper, analyzes the influence of damper arrangement on the structural damping effect.

【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU352.1

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 吳波,孫科學,李惠,唐衛(wèi)勝;形狀記憶合金力學性能的試驗研究[J];地震工程與工程振動;1999年02期

2 倪立峰,李秋勝,李愛群,韓玉林;新型形狀記憶合金阻尼器的試驗研究[J];地震工程與工程振動;2002年03期

3 倪立峰,李愛群,左曉寶,陳慶福,李秋勝;形狀記憶合金超彈性阻尼性能的試驗研究[J];地震工程與工程振動;2002年06期

4 李惠,毛晨曦;新型SMA耗能器及結構地震反應控制試驗研究[J];地震工程與工程振動;2003年01期

5 倪立峰,李愛群,左曉寶,陳慶福;形狀記憶合金拉壓型超彈性阻尼器的試驗研究[J];地震工程與工程振動;2003年05期

6 薛素鐸;石光磊;莊鵬;;SMA復合摩擦阻尼器性能的試驗研究[J];地震工程與工程振動;2007年02期

7 施衛(wèi)星;魏丹;韓瑞龍;;鋼結構房屋動力特性脈動法測試研究[J];地震工程與工程振動;2012年01期

8 黃宗明，白紹良，賴明;結構地震反應時程分析中的阻尼問題評述[J];地震工程與工程振動;1996年02期

9 邢德進;李忠獻;;基于SMA阻尼器的大跨橋梁地震位移控制分析[J];大連理工大學學報;2006年S1期

10 左曉寶,李愛群,倪立峰,陳慶福;一種超彈性SMA復合阻尼器的設計與試驗[J];東南大學學報(自然科學版);2004年04期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 錢輝;形狀記憶合金阻尼器消能減震結構體系研究[D];大連理工大學;2008年

本文編號：1683236