本文選題：記憶合金　切入點(diǎn)：超彈性　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：形狀記憶合金（Shape Memory Alloy）的超彈性是指材料在外力作用下會(huì)發(fā)生馬氏體相變，產(chǎn)生較大的變形，應(yīng)力去除后會(huì)發(fā)生馬氏體逆相變，并恢復(fù)到原來的形狀。利用記憶合金的超彈性可以耗能，開發(fā)出了多種自復(fù)位記憶合金阻尼器，部分記憶合金阻尼器也在實(shí)際工程中得到了應(yīng)用。利用自復(fù)位的記憶合金阻尼器進(jìn)行耗能減震時(shí)，不需要外部能量的輸入，結(jié)構(gòu)沒有殘余側(cè)移，值得重視。 為推廣記憶合金阻尼器的工程應(yīng)用，本文利用記憶合金材料的Brinson本構(gòu)模型，通過MATLAB編程進(jìn)行阻尼器的力學(xué)性能模擬，并在此基礎(chǔ)上通過時(shí)域積分進(jìn)行SMA阻尼器減震效果分析與評價(jià)。本文具體工作如下： 1.介紹了對記憶合金的超彈特性，并對直徑1mm的NiTi SMA絲進(jìn)行了力學(xué)試驗(yàn)，研究了加載速率、應(yīng)變幅值及循環(huán)次數(shù)等因素對SMA超彈特性的影響。同時(shí)，介紹了記憶合金的唯象本構(gòu)模型的發(fā)展演變過程，并利用Brinson本構(gòu)模型在MATLAB中編程得到材料的相變運(yùn)動(dòng)方程的數(shù)值解，從而描述SMA材料的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變關(guān)系。實(shí)驗(yàn)與理論分析結(jié)果表明采用Brinson模型的數(shù)值模擬能很好的反映SMA材料的超彈性。 2.介紹了三種典型的自復(fù)位SMA阻尼器構(gòu)造，通過將阻尼器元件分為回位組和耗能組，并在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了阻尼器發(fā)生相對位移時(shí)各功能組元件的內(nèi)力變化。針對利用預(yù)張拉的SMA絲組耗能、彈簧提供回位力的自復(fù)位SMA阻尼器，建立了力學(xué)平衡方程，，并在Brinson本構(gòu)模型的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)阻尼器內(nèi)部相對位移推算出耗能組反力，疊加彈簧反力，借助MATLAB編程從而計(jì)算出整個(gè)阻尼器的力-位移滯回曲線。 3.利用記憶合金本構(gòu)模型，通過MATLAB編程，對布置自復(fù)位SMA阻尼器進(jìn)行減震的三層鋼框架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力響應(yīng)分析。具體分析過程如下：首先將結(jié)構(gòu)模型簡化為層間剪切模型，并提取出主結(jié)構(gòu)的剛度矩陣、質(zhì)量矩陣和阻尼矩陣；建立被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力方程，利用Wilson-θ法并考慮阻尼器提供的控制力，在MATLAB軟件中編制了結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)仿真分析程序。選取El Centro(NS)波、Northridge(NS)波和Taft波作為地震激勵(lì)，對結(jié)構(gòu)分別進(jìn)行了有控和無控的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)分析，對比了兩種情況下結(jié)構(gòu)的層間位移響應(yīng)、樓層最大加速度與最大樓層剪力。 4.為評價(jià)自復(fù)位SMA阻尼器的振動(dòng)控制效果，對自復(fù)位SMA阻尼器進(jìn)行了Benchmark結(jié)構(gòu)分析，具體為：針對高、中、低層三種Benchmark結(jié)構(gòu)，在SAP2000中建立了有限元模型，分析了有控與無控結(jié)構(gòu)的地震動(dòng)響應(yīng)，評價(jià)了自復(fù)位SMA阻尼器對不同結(jié)構(gòu)的減震作用。另外，對采用自復(fù)位SMA阻尼器加強(qiáng)的某6層宿舍樓加固工程，分析了阻尼器布置方式對結(jié)構(gòu)減震效果的影響。
[Abstract]:Shape memory alloy (Shape Memory Alloy) refers to the super elastic material will undergo a martensitic transformation under the external force, deformation, should reverse martensitic transformation will force after the removal, and return to its original shape. The memory alloy can super elastic energy, the development of a variety of self reset memory alloy the damper, part of memory alloy damper has been applied in practical engineering. By using the energy dissipation from memory alloy damper reset, without the need of external energy input structure, not worthy of attention shift, residual side.
For the engineering application of memory alloy damper, this paper use the Brinson memory alloy material constitutive model, simulate the mechanical properties of the damper through MATLAB programming, analysis and evaluation of SMA damper based on temporal integration and on the basis of the specific work is as follows:
The 1. introduces the super elastic characteristics of memory alloy, mechanical test and the diameter of 1mm NiTi SMA wire, studied the influencing factors of loading rate, strain amplitude and cycle times of SMA super bomb. At the same time, the memory alloy phenomenological constitutive model of the evolution of the development process, and the use of the numerical Brinson constitutive model in MATLAB programming solution of the equations of motion of phase change materials, so as to describe the stress-strain relationship of SMA materials. The experimental and theoretical analysis results show that the simulation can reflect the SMA material's super elastic numerical Brinson model was used.
The 2. introduces three typical self reset SMA damper structure, the damper element is divided into back group and energy group, and on the basis of the damper force variation functional components of the relative displacement. For the use of pre tensioned SMA wire group energy, self centering spring return force of SMA damper the established mechanics balance equation, and based on the constitutive model of Brinson damper, according to the internal relative displacement calculated energy group force superposition spring reaction force, using MATLAB programming to calculate the damper force displacement hysteresis curve.
3. of the memory alloy constitutive model, through MATLAB programming, the three storey steel frame structure layout self resetting of SMA dampers for structural dynamic response analysis. The specific analysis is as follows: first, the structural model is simplified as interlaminar shear model, and extract the main structure of the stiffness matrix, mass matrix and damping matrix the establishment of dynamic equation; passive structure, using Wilson- method and considering the control force with the damper, in MATLAB software for dynamic simulation analysis of the structure of program. Select El (NS) Centro (NS) wave, Northridge wave and Taft wave as seismic excitations on the structure were carried out with no power control and analysis the comparison of structural response control, two cases of inter layer displacement response, maximum acceleration and maximum floor shear.
4. for the evaluation of self vibration reduction and SMA damper control effect on self reset SMA dampers for Benchmark structure analysis, considering the high, low, three layer Benchmark structure in SAP2000 finite element model, analyzed the response control and no control structure of the seismic evaluation, self reset SMA damper on the damping effect of different structures. In addition, the reinforcement from a 6 storey dormitory building to strengthen the reduction of SMA damper, analyzes the influence of damper arrangement on the structural damping effect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU352.1

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