發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-23 00:16

  本文選題：選擇性取水　切入點(diǎn)：小球藻　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前，我國(guó)大多數(shù)城市主要以水庫作為供水水源，外源和內(nèi)源污染使得水庫原水水質(zhì)下降，通過水庫運(yùn)行提高原水水質(zhì)、降低凈水成本和確保飲水安全成為水源工作者亟待解決的問題之一。 本文針對(duì)現(xiàn)有選擇性取水裝置存在的不足，通過研發(fā)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、安裝便捷、可自由調(diào)動(dòng)取水口高度的水力選擇性取水裝置，提高水庫出流的原水水質(zhì)；通過研究藻類的沉降遷移規(guī)律和建立出流水質(zhì)預(yù)測(cè)模型，提出水庫取水規(guī)避藻類的選擇性取水技術(shù)，為進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化選擇性取水提供參考依據(jù)。其研究結(jié)果表明： （1）應(yīng)用自調(diào)節(jié)浮子潛水原理，研發(fā)水力浮動(dòng)選擇性取水裝置和預(yù)凈化水力自動(dòng)選擇性取水裝置，兩種均由水力浮動(dòng)選擇性取水器和原水傳輸與控制裝置兩部分組成，但其兩者的主體結(jié)構(gòu)和調(diào)節(jié)動(dòng)力設(shè)備不同；兩種水力選擇性取水裝置均可實(shí)現(xiàn)四種運(yùn)行工況，分別為：固定取水口高度在恒定水深處取優(yōu)質(zhì)原水、自由調(diào)節(jié)取水口高度到任意水層、并聯(lián)多個(gè)取水裝置取不同深度縱向混合水和并聯(lián)多個(gè)取水裝置取水庫平面范圍內(nèi)的優(yōu)質(zhì)混合水。 （2）實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)的小球藻按其直徑可分為小于4.5μm、4.5~5.5μm、大于5.5μm三個(gè)等級(jí)；光強(qiáng)實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下小球藻沉速分布在0.1~468.2μm s-1，均值為32.8μm s-1；小球藻的沉降速度隨沉降柱表層光強(qiáng)增強(qiáng)而降低，小球藻直徑大小與沉速呈正相關(guān)；沉降穩(wěn)定后實(shí)驗(yàn)柱中小球藻從表層至底層粒徑逐漸變大，除底層外小球藻在縱向峰值隨光強(qiáng)增加而向下延伸。 （3）小球藻在表層聚集時(shí)，模擬降雨影響干擾深度，其隨降雨強(qiáng)度增加而增大，呈線性關(guān)系，并且小球藻沉速隨粒徑減小、降雨強(qiáng)度減弱而變慢，沉速范圍為34.7~194.3μm s-1，粒徑較小的小球藻更容易受降雨的影響而增大其沉速；小球藻在縱向均勻分布時(shí)，干擾深度與降雨強(qiáng)度呈指數(shù)分布，沉速范圍為16.7~27.0μm s-1。 （4）從沉降柱底部進(jìn)行引流實(shí)驗(yàn)，研究引流時(shí)小球藻沉降特性。結(jié)果表明：引流量與穩(wěn)定時(shí)間呈負(fù)線性關(guān)系，與沉速呈正線性關(guān)系，沉速范圍為51.4~138.2μm s-1，，粒徑較小的小球藻更容易受引流的影響而增大其沉速。 （5）將縱向水層水質(zhì)按3群集進(jìn)行K-均值聚類分析，統(tǒng)計(jì)所得的取水口水層所在聚類組的聚類中心可有效預(yù)測(cè)引水塔出流水質(zhì)；預(yù)測(cè)的溫度、pH、氧化還原電位、電導(dǎo)率、鹽度和堿度與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)吻合程度較高，相對(duì)誤差均在-10%~10%；對(duì)取水口水層所在聚類組的上下邊界作多項(xiàng)式曲線擬合，得出泄出層厚度符合理論推導(dǎo)和實(shí)際情況。
[Abstract]:At present, most cities in China mainly use reservoirs as water supply sources. Exogenous and internal pollution make the raw water quality of reservoirs decline, and the raw water quality is improved through reservoir operation. Reducing the cost of clean water and ensuring the safety of drinking water become one of the urgent problems to be solved by water source workers. This paper aims at the deficiency of the existing selective water intake device, through the research and development of simple structure, convenient installation, can freely transfer the height of the intake of hydraulic selective water intake device, improve the reservoir outflow of raw water quality; By studying the regularity of algae subsidence and migration and establishing the water quality prediction model of outflow water, the selective water intake technology of reservoir water evading algae is put forward, which provides a reference for further optimization of selective water intake. The results show that:. (1) applying the principle of self-regulating float diving, a hydraulic floating selective water intake device and a prepurification hydraulic automatic selective water intake device are developed. Both of them are composed of a hydraulic floating selective water intake device and a raw water transmission and control device. But their main structure and regulating power equipment are different, and the two hydraulic selective water intake devices can realize four operating conditions, which are as follows: the fixed intake height takes the high quality raw water in the constant water depth, The height of water intake is adjusted freely to any water layer. The longitudinal mixing water with different depth and the high quality mixing water in the reservoir plane with parallel multiple water intake devices are taken in parallel. (2) Chlorella microphylla cultured in laboratory can be divided into three grades according to its diameter: less than 4.5 渭 m 4.5N 5.5 渭 m, > 5.5 渭 m, under light intensity experiment, the settling velocity of Chlorella microphylla distributes at 0.1 ~ 468.2 渭 m ~ (-1), the mean value is 32.8 渭 m ~ (-1), and the settling velocity of Chlorella microphylla decreases with the increase of light intensity in the surface layer of the settling column. The diameter of Chlorella microphylla was positively correlated with the settling rate, and the diameter of Chlorella microphylla in the experimental column gradually increased from surface to bottom layer after settling, and the longitudinal peak value of Chlorella spp., except the bottom layer, extended downwards with the increase of light intensity. 3) when Chlorella microphylla accumulates on the surface, simulated rainfall affects the interference depth, which increases linearly with the increase of rainfall intensity, and the sedimentation velocity of Chlorella vulgaris decreases with the decrease of particle size, and the rainfall intensity decreases and slows down. The settling velocity range of Chlorella sp. is 34.7 ~ 194.3 渭 m 路s ~ (-1). Chlorella spp with smaller diameter is more susceptible to the influence of rainfall and increases its sedimentation rate, and the interference depth and rainfall intensity are exponentially distributed when the vertical uniform distribution of Chlorella sp., and the settling velocity range is 16.7N 27.0 渭 m ~ (-1). 4) the drainage experiments were carried out at the bottom of the settling column to study the sedimentation characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris during drainage. The results showed that the drainage flow was in a negative linear relationship with the steady time, and it had a positive linear relationship with the settling velocity. The settling velocity was in the range of 51.4 ~ 138.2 渭 m 路s ~ (-1). Chlorella microphylla with smaller diameter was more susceptible to the influence of drainage and increased its sedimentation rate. (5) the water quality of longitudinal water layer is analyzed by K-means cluster analysis in 3 clusters. The cluster center of cluster group in which the water intake layer is located can effectively predict the water quality of the water diversion tower, and the predicted temperature, pH, redox potential, conductivity, etc. The salinity and alkalinity are in good agreement with the measured data, and the relative error is -10100.The polynomial curve fitting of the upper and lower boundary of the cluster group of the water intake layer is carried out, and the thickness of the discharge layer accords with the theoretical derivation and the actual situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.1;TV697.41

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