本文選題：隋唐長(zhǎng)安城　切入點(diǎn)：木構(gòu)建筑　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文從定量思維角度出發(fā)，以隋唐長(zhǎng)安城的木構(gòu)建筑為研究對(duì)象，通過(guò)計(jì)算建筑的材木消耗量還原出采伐森林的面積，旨在探索隋唐時(shí)期都城長(zhǎng)安人地關(guān)系，檢討歷史的得與失，并對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)與解決當(dāng)今社會(huì)的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題具有借鑒意義。 論文首先通過(guò)建立理想模型，即建立一個(gè)理想狀態(tài)下的隋唐長(zhǎng)安城，弱化一些將要因素，使問(wèn)題由復(fù)雜多變而至有跡可尋。在此條件下，搭建了隋唐木構(gòu)建筑理論框架，提出采用建筑歷史文獻(xiàn)與建筑遺址相結(jié)合的方法，是研究隋唐木構(gòu)建筑理論的有效路徑。在此基礎(chǔ)上，利用隋唐建筑遺址中散存的柱礎(chǔ)石上保留的建筑信息，還原出立柱的直徑，再根據(jù)柱徑與材之間的倍數(shù)關(guān)系推導(dǎo)出材的大小，進(jìn)而推演出隋唐木構(gòu)建筑材份等級(jí)序列，為全文的展開(kāi)奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 論文檢驗(yàn)了計(jì)算木構(gòu)建筑耗材量的三種方法，即大木構(gòu)件總體積計(jì)算法、大木構(gòu)件“計(jì)料”法與工匠經(jīng)驗(yàn)預(yù)算法。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)進(jìn)行個(gè)案研究或?qū)Ρ妊芯繒r(shí)，需要準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)字來(lái)探討其中規(guī)律，此時(shí)需要用前兩種方法進(jìn)行精密計(jì)算，而工匠經(jīng)驗(yàn)預(yù)算法更適用于整體估算。同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)三種計(jì)算方法可以統(tǒng)一到一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式中，即修正后的工匠經(jīng)驗(yàn)預(yù)算法。 論文在理論及計(jì)算方法的指導(dǎo)下對(duì)隋唐長(zhǎng)安城木構(gòu)建筑進(jìn)行了量化分析，得出了一個(gè)大致的耗材量范圍區(qū)間，并推導(dǎo)出采伐周邊森林的面積，指出材木采伐量及森林采伐面積是一個(gè)累積的過(guò)程，，對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響不會(huì)立刻顯現(xiàn)，即在時(shí)間、空間上產(chǎn)生累積環(huán)境效應(yīng)，而呈現(xiàn)出相對(duì)滯后的特征。此外，論文還分析了建筑耗材量與隋唐長(zhǎng)安城市規(guī)劃及社會(huì)管理之間的關(guān)系，提出建筑的耗材在城市選址、城市尺度以及城市發(fā)展空間等方面產(chǎn)生一定程度上影響。同時(shí)指出控制采伐建筑用材是社會(huì)管理的重要方面，只有制定出相應(yīng)的法規(guī)法令，規(guī)范行業(yè)行為，才能阻止森林的人為破壞。
[Abstract]:From the point of view of quantitative thinking, this paper takes the wood structure building of Changan City in Sui and Tang dynasties as the research object. By calculating the wood and wood consumption of the building, the area of the harvested forest is reduced, in order to explore the relationship between the people and the land in Changan, the capital city of the Sui and Tang dynasties. To review the historical gains and losses, and to understand and solve the ecological environment problems in today's society has reference significance. Firstly, by establishing an ideal model, that is, establishing an ideal city of Changan in Sui and Tang dynasties, the paper weakens some factors and makes the problem from complex and changeable to traceable. Under this condition, the theoretical framework of wooden architecture in Sui and Tang dynasties is built. This paper puts forward the method of combining architectural historical documents with architectural sites, which is an effective way to study the theory of wooden architecture in Sui and Tang dynasties. On the basis of this, the architectural information of the scattered pillar foundation stone in the architectural sites of the Sui and Tang dynasties is used. The diameter of the column is reduced and the size of the timber is deduced according to the multiple relation between the diameter of the column and the timber, and then the grade sequence of wood construction materials of the Sui and Tang dynasties is deduced, which lays a theoretical foundation for the full text. This paper examines three methods for calculating the consumption of wood structures, that is, the total volume calculation of large wood components, the "material counting" method for large wood members and the empirical budget method for craftsmen. It is found that when a case study is carried out or a comparative study is carried out, We need accurate numbers to study the rules, and the first two methods need to be used for precise calculation, while the craftsman's empirical budget method is more suitable for the whole estimation. At the same time, it is found that the three calculation methods can be unified into one mathematical expression. That is, the revised craftsman experience budget law. Under the guidance of theory and calculation method, the paper analyzed the wood structure of Changan city in Sui and Tang dynasties, and got a general range of material consumption, and deduced the area of the forest around the cutting. It is pointed out that wood cutting amount and forest cutting area are a cumulative process, and the impact on ecological environment will not be immediately apparent, that is, cumulative environmental effects will occur in time and space, and the characteristics are relatively lagging behind. The paper also analyzes the relationship between the consumption of building materials and the city planning and social management of Changan in Sui and Tang dynasties, and puts forward the location of building consumables in the city. At the same time, it is pointed out that the control of felling building materials is an important aspect of social management. Only by formulating corresponding laws and regulations, and standardizing the behavior of the industry, In order to prevent the destruction of the forest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU366.2;TU984.2

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