本文選題：油液混合動力　切入點(diǎn)：挖掘機(jī)　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：液壓挖掘機(jī)作為國家建設(shè)發(fā)展中的重要工程機(jī)械,其節(jié)能減排具有重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)意義和環(huán)保意義。常規(guī)的元件技術(shù)革新,液壓系統(tǒng)改進(jìn)在挖掘機(jī)上已經(jīng)趨于成熟,而混合動力技術(shù)的深入研究為挖掘機(jī)上的節(jié)能減排提供了新的突破口。目前,汽車上的油電混合動力應(yīng)用研究較為廣泛,并且有了較為成熟的產(chǎn)品；挖掘機(jī)上的油電混合動力呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的研究熱潮。而油液混合動力技術(shù)的研究在挖掘機(jī)這一重要工程機(jī)械上還較為稀缺,研究院所和高校都還未有大量的研究文獻(xiàn)出現(xiàn),而在公司層面也只有幾家國際大型公司對此項(xiàng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究和試制,并且多數(shù)實(shí)施保密措施�？傮w而言,挖掘機(jī)上油液混合動力技術(shù)還處于起步階段,研究成果較少。本文以液壓挖掘機(jī)上油液混合動力技術(shù)的應(yīng)用為核心,結(jié)合液壓挖掘機(jī)工作過程中特有的能量回收過程,在油液混合動力復(fù)合模式,模型建立,參數(shù)匹配,整機(jī)控制方法上進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的研究,并建立相應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。以期為進(jìn)一步的深入研究和產(chǎn)品化做出一定的貢獻(xiàn)。 本文的主要研究內(nèi)容具體包含以下幾方面： 1.在普通液壓挖掘機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)、工況基礎(chǔ)上,比較了串聯(lián)式、并聯(lián)式、混聯(lián)式等油液混合動力方案的優(yōu)劣,選取了適宜挖掘機(jī)的并聯(lián)式方案作為本文的油液混合動力的研究結(jié)構(gòu)。通過對該復(fù)合模式的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),利用低成本的回轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)代替高成本的二次元件來實(shí)現(xiàn)油液混合動力的功能。 2.設(shè)計(jì)了完全自動化的挖掘機(jī)勢能和動能能量回收系統(tǒng)方案,并結(jié)合油液混合動力提出了壓差補(bǔ)償能量回收系統(tǒng)的原理和控制方法,克服了以往能量回收過程中較多的限制條件,提高了能量回收的能量利用率,減少了能量回收過程中的能量損失。 3.提出了針對油液混合動力系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)匹配方法。以蓄能器為核心,克服并聯(lián)式油液混合動力復(fù)合模式中能量密度較低的缺陷,滿足挖掘機(jī)正常工作的動力需求。 4.通過分析比較油電混合動力挖掘機(jī)上現(xiàn)有的控制策略,選用了適合于并聯(lián)式油液混合動力系統(tǒng)的雙轉(zhuǎn)速工作點(diǎn)控制策略。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出變參數(shù)PID控制、負(fù)載預(yù)測以及發(fā)動機(jī)怠速切換相結(jié)合的方法來穩(wěn)定單個工作點(diǎn)上的轉(zhuǎn)速平穩(wěn),并通過遺傳算法進(jìn)一步提高整機(jī)的節(jié)能效果,獲得了20%左右的燃油節(jié)省。 5.設(shè)計(jì)和搭建了多功能的油液混合動力實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,對上述的控制方法進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證和分析,同時為今后的油液混合動力節(jié)能研究提供了評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator as an important construction machinery in the development of national construction, its energy saving and emission reduction has important economic and environmental significance. The further study of hybrid power technology provides a new breakthrough for energy saving and emission reduction in excavators. The research of oil-electric hybrid power on excavator is booming, but the research of oil-liquid hybrid power technology is still scarce in this important construction machinery, research institutes and universities have not yet appeared a large number of research documents. At the corporate level, only a few large international companies have conducted research and trial production of the technology, and most of them have implemented secrecy measures. Overall, oil hybrid power technology on excavators is still in its infancy. In this paper, the application of hydraulic excavator hydraulic hybrid power technology is the core, combined with the specific process of energy recovery in the hydraulic excavator working process, in the oil hybrid power compound mode, model establishment, parameter matching, The corresponding research on the control method of the whole machine is carried out, and the corresponding experimental platform is established to verify it in order to make some contribution to the further research and production. The main contents of this paper include the following aspects:. 1. On the basis of the structure and working condition of the common hydraulic excavator, the advantages and disadvantages of the hydraulic hybrid power schemes, such as series type, parallel type and hybrid type, are compared. The parallel scheme suitable for excavator is selected as the research structure of oil hybrid power in this paper. The low-cost rotary motor is used to replace the high-cost secondary component to realize the function of oil hybrid power. 2. A fully automatic excavator potential and kinetic energy recovery system is designed, and the principle and control method of the pressure difference compensation energy recovery system are put forward in combination with the oil-liquid hybrid power system. It overcomes many limitation conditions in the process of energy recovery, improves the energy utilization rate of energy recovery, and reduces the energy loss in the process of energy recovery. 3. The parameter matching method for oil hybrid power system is put forward. Taking accumulator as the core, the defect of low energy density in the hybrid model of parallel oil hybrid power is overcome, and the power demand of excavator is satisfied. 4. By analyzing and comparing the existing control strategies on the oil-electric hybrid excavator, the two-speed working point control strategy suitable for the parallel oil-liquid hybrid power system is selected. On the basis of this, the variable parameter PID control is proposed. The load prediction and idling speed switching are combined to stabilize the stability of the rotational speed at a single working point, and the energy saving effect of the whole machine is further improved by genetic algorithm, and the fuel saving of about 20% is obtained. 5. Design and build a multi-functional oil hybrid power experimental platform, verify and analyze the control methods mentioned above, and provide the evaluation standard for the future research of oil mixing power energy saving.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU621

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