本文選題：廢棄纖維　切入點：保溫外墻板　出處：《大連工業(yè)大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著人們生活水平的提高,廢棄紡織品的數(shù)量正在逐年遞增,根據(jù)調查表明其中棉麻的廢棄量約占廢棄纖維量的52%,這種廢棄行為不僅造成了資源的極大浪費,也在后續(xù)處理中造成火災和污染的隱患,如何循環(huán)利用廢棄纖維成為我國當前一個迫切需要解決的問題。 隨著人民對建筑取暖的要求越來越高,我國建筑采暖的總能耗也急劇增加。利用廢棄的纖維和聚氨酯制作建筑保溫板減少廢料處理的問題,降低建筑耗能建筑行業(yè)的耗能量,提高廢棄物的利用率,制作成高附加值的展品降低了成本,同時降低了對環(huán)境的污染。 本課題致力于利用廢棄棉/麻和廢棄TPU為原料,制作建筑用外保溫墻板。也就是利用紡織工業(yè)生產過程中的廢棄材料棉(麻),作為復合材料的增強材料,以廢棄聚氨酯作為基體,使用傳統(tǒng)的生產設備,實現(xiàn)低成本生產復合纖維板材的目的,并使廢棄紡織材料得到充分的循環(huán)利用。 本文采用廢棄纖維棉、麻纖維作為增強材料與廢棄回收的TPU塑煉混合,以短纖維增強復合材料通過熱壓成型的工藝,與聚氨酯硬質泡沫復合,制作成三層復合的輕質保溫墻板,研究了不同纖維配比、不同成型工藝對板材的力學性能及導熱性能的影響,分析兩者之間的關系。選取拉伸強度、彎曲強度和沖擊強度為測試的指標,選取棉麻配比、TPU含量、熱壓溫度,熱壓壓力四個因素來進行正交試驗分析。通過方差分析、極差分析、單因素試驗得出四個因素影響保溫板的各項性能的關系,綜合考慮其力學性能和導熱性能確定最佳工藝：熱壓溫度：180℃,熱壓壓力：10MPA,阻燃TPU含量：60%,棉麻配比：40/60；采用正交實驗對基體和纖維的阻燃劑添加量進行優(yōu)化,檢測極限氧指數(shù),對測試的的極限氧指數(shù)進行了極差、方差分析,研究阻燃劑添加量對力學性能的影響、阻燃效果、成本問題等確定最佳工藝,阻燃劑最優(yōu)工藝為：TPU阻燃劑15%,APP20%, TPU含量60%,棉麻配比40/60；對棉麻纖維表面改性處理,增強板材力學性能,將所制的板材與聚氨酯硬質泡沫復合,優(yōu)選板材厚度與粘合劑。按照建筑標準綜合測試復合保溫板的理化性能,制備保溫墻板的最優(yōu)工藝為：熱壓溫度為180℃,熱壓壓力為10MPa,熱壓時間為10min。此時保溫墻板的拉伸強度為39.49MPa,彎曲強度為34.56MPa,沖擊強度為6.73KJ/m2,含水率為0.3%,吸水厚度膨脹率為0.2%,加熱后尺寸變化率為±0.2%,高低溫尺寸變化率為±2.5%。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, the quantity of waste textiles is increasing year by year. According to the investigation, the waste amount of cotton and hemp is about 52% of the waste fiber, which not only causes a great waste of resources, It also causes hidden trouble of fire and pollution in the follow-up treatment. How to recycle waste fiber has become an urgent problem to be solved in our country. With the increasing demands of the people on building heating, the total energy consumption of building heating in our country has increased dramatically. The waste treatment problem is reduced by making building insulation boards with waste fiber and polyurethane, and the energy consumption of the building energy consumption construction industry is reduced. Increasing the utilization rate of waste and producing high value-added exhibits can reduce the cost and the pollution of the environment at the same time. This project is devoted to the manufacture of outer insulation wall board for building using waste cotton / hemp and waste TPU as raw materials, that is, cotton (flax), which is used as reinforcing material for composite materials in the production process of textile industry. Using waste polyurethane as matrix and using traditional production equipment, the purpose of producing composite fiber sheet with low cost is realized, and waste textile materials can be fully recycled. In this paper, waste fiber cotton, hemp fiber as reinforcing material and waste recycled TPU were mixed, and short fiber reinforced composites were compacted with polyurethane rigid foam by hot pressing process. In this paper, the effects of different fiber ratios and different molding processes on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the sheet were studied, and the relationship between them was analyzed. The tensile strength was selected. The bending strength and impact strength of cotton and hemp were selected as test indexes. Four factors were selected as follows: the content of TPU, the temperature of hot pressing and the pressure of hot pressing. The variance analysis, the range analysis, the difference analysis were used to analyze the bending strength and impact strength of cotton and hemp. The single factor test shows that four factors affect the properties of the thermal insulation board. Considering the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation board, the optimum process is determined: the hot pressing temperature: 180 鈩，

本文編號：1595050