發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-08 09:10

  本文選題：生命周期評(píng)價(jià)　切入點(diǎn)：區(qū)劃研究　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：推進(jìn)可持續(xù)的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展是國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)2020年全面建成小康社會(huì)、加快經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型的重要內(nèi)容。近年來，伴隨快速城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程和城鎮(zhèn)住宅剛性需求持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)住宅規(guī)模擴(kuò)張較為明顯。大規(guī)模造城運(yùn)動(dòng)刺激了城鎮(zhèn)住宅規(guī)模的持續(xù)擴(kuò)張，造成城市用地、用水、用能和環(huán)境污染排放量不斷增加，城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力不斷降低。因此，定量研究全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)住宅的資源環(huán)境影響對(duì)于推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、優(yōu)化不同地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展模式、調(diào)控城鎮(zhèn)住宅發(fā)展方式具有重要意義。 本論文綜合考慮不同地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)化水平、城鎮(zhèn)居民居住水平及住宅結(jié)構(gòu)類型等因素，基于生命周期評(píng)價(jià)思想，以單體住宅建筑的生命周期環(huán)境影響研究為切入點(diǎn)，構(gòu)建了全國(guó)層面287個(gè)地級(jí)及以上城市的城鎮(zhèn)住宅環(huán)境影響研究框架，并從住宅資源環(huán)境影響視角對(duì)上述所有城市進(jìn)行分區(qū)研究，分析不同分區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)住宅資源環(huán)境特征。 研究表明，2010年我國(guó)287個(gè)地級(jí)及以上城市的城鎮(zhèn)住宅存量面積為199.8億m2。新建城鎮(zhèn)住宅的水泥、鋼材、玻璃、鋁材、建筑陶瓷和粘土磚消耗量分別為16213.4萬t、4071.8萬t、220.2萬t、149.3萬t、1394.8萬t和9746.2萬t，其中鋼材生產(chǎn)過程的環(huán)境影響占49.3%。城鎮(zhèn)住宅發(fā)展消耗能源43669.9萬噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤，消耗新鮮用水量361.8億m3，城鎮(zhèn)住宅生活排放COD、NH3-N、SO2和NOx污染物量分別為740.3萬t、83.0萬t、309.3萬t和406.5萬t。其中，住宅使用階段的環(huán)境影響約為89.2%。情景分析顯示，2020年城鎮(zhèn)住宅資源環(huán)境壓力將比2010年增加30.6%-41.7%。根據(jù)城鎮(zhèn)住宅發(fā)展的整體環(huán)境影響將全國(guó)城市分為四類，其中I類分區(qū)城市的住宅資源環(huán)境影響僅占全國(guó)8.3%，其人均生活用水量?jī)H為44.4m3，但城鎮(zhèn)住宅的人均生活COD和SO2排放量高達(dá)12.2kg和5.4kg；II類、III類分區(qū)城市的住宅資源環(huán)境影響均占全國(guó)1/3左右，II類分區(qū)城市的人均居住用地高達(dá)35.0m2，III類分區(qū)城市的人均住宅生活能耗為567.1千克標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤；IV類分區(qū)城市的住宅資源環(huán)境影響占全國(guó)城市整體影響的28.6%，其人均年生活用水量高達(dá)66.9m3，但人均居住用地面積僅為24.5m2。研究結(jié)果表明，國(guó)家應(yīng)推行差異化的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展策略，適度推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)住宅建設(shè)速度，大力發(fā)展綠色建筑，將會(huì)保障城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施的可持續(xù)性。
[Abstract]:To promote the sustainable urbanization development is an important content for the country to build a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020 and to accelerate the transformation of economic and social development. In recent years, along with the rapid urbanization process and the rigid demand for urban housing, there has been a continuous increase in the demand for urban housing. The urban housing scale expansion is obvious in China. The large-scale urban building movement has stimulated the continuous expansion of urban housing scale, resulting in the continuous increase of urban land use, water use, energy use and environmental pollution emissions. Therefore, it is of great significance to quantitatively study the resource and environmental impact of urban housing in China to promote the urbanization development strategy, optimize the urban development model in different regions, and regulate the development mode of urban housing. This paper synthetically considers the factors such as the urbanization level of different regions, the residential level of urban residents and the type of housing structure, and based on the life cycle evaluation thought, taking the life-cycle environmental impact research of individual residential buildings as the breakthrough point. The research framework of urban residential environmental impact in 287 cities at the national level and above is constructed, and the characteristics of urban residential resources and environment in different districts are analyzed from the perspective of residential resource and environmental impact. The study shows that in 2010, the storage area of residential buildings in 287prefectural cities and above was 19.98 billion m2. Cement, steel, glass and aluminum materials were used in newly built urban residences. The consumption of building ceramics and clay brick was one hundred and sixty-two million one hundred and thirty-four thousand t, forty million seven hundred and eighteen thousand t, two million two hundred and two thousand t, one million four hundred and ninety-three thousand t, thirteen million nine hundred and forty-eight thousand t and ninety-seven million four hundred and sixty-two thousand t respectively, of which the environmental impact of steel production process accounted for 49.3 t. The energy consumption of urban residential development was four hundred and thirty-six million six hundred and ninety-nine thousand tons of standard coal. The consumption of fresh water consumption is 36.18 billion m3, and the pollutants of COD NH 3-N (so 2) and NOx are seven million four hundred and three thousand t, 830,000 t, three million ninety-three thousand t and four million sixty-five thousand t, respectively. The environmental impact of residential use stage is about 89.2.The situational analysis shows that the environmental pressure of urban residential resources in 2020 will increase by 30.6-41.7than 2010. According to the overall environmental impact of urban residential development, the cities in China are divided into four categories. The impact of residential resources and environment on residential resources and environment in class I cities accounts for only 8.3% of the country, and the per capita consumption of water is only 44.4 m3. However, the per capita COD and SO2 emissions of urban residential buildings are as high as 12.2 kg and 5.4 kg / kg respectively, and the impacts of residential resources and environment on residential resources and environment in urban residential areas are as high as 12.2 kg and 5.4 kg / kg, respectively. The average residential land per capita in each of the 1/3 or so zoned cities in China is as high as 35.0m ~ (2) m ~ (-2) and the average residential energy consumption per capita is 567.1 kg. The residential resources and environment impacts of the cities in the class IV are 28.6% of the total impact of the cities in the whole country. The annual water consumption per person is as high as 66.9 m3, but the per capita living area is only 24.5 m2. The results show that, The country should promote the differentiated urbanization development strategy, promote the speed of urban housing construction, and vigorously develop green buildings, which will ensure the sustainability of the implementation of urbanization development strategy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU-023;TU984.115

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