本文選題：非接觸　切入點(diǎn)：裂縫　出處：《中冶集團(tuán)建筑研究總院》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在建構(gòu)筑物工程建設(shè)和運(yùn)營過程中,由于設(shè)計(jì)、施工以及使用等方面的原因,混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生裂縫,并影響其使用性及耐久性。而且,當(dāng)裂縫寬度擴(kuò)展到一定程度時(shí),還極有可能危及主體結(jié)構(gòu)的安全。雖然大量的科研成果和實(shí)踐已經(jīng)證明,混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)裂縫是難以避免的,是混凝土固有的材料特性之一,是人們可以接受的,但是問題的關(guān)鍵是要將其有害程度嚴(yán)格控制在允許的范圍之內(nèi)。裂縫的開展?fàn)顩r,往往是診斷、分析、評(píng)判已有建筑物病態(tài)的重要條件和依據(jù)之一。根據(jù)其位置和形態(tài),可以初步判斷建筑結(jié)構(gòu)上出現(xiàn)裂縫的原因,評(píng)判裂縫的危害,從而采取相應(yīng)的解決措施。因此,及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確掌握混凝土裂縫的形態(tài)、走向、寬度、長度和深度等信息,對(duì)于正確判斷混凝土構(gòu)件的健康狀況,提出科學(xué)合理的處理方案起著至關(guān)重要的作用。目前,裂縫寬度檢測以傳統(tǒng)的接觸式檢測方法為主,這種方法準(zhǔn)確度較高,但效率較低,影響檢測進(jìn)程和結(jié)果,人員安全隱患大,經(jīng)濟(jì)成本和人力成本較高。當(dāng)前工程檢測實(shí)際應(yīng)用中急需一種遠(yuǎn)距離的非接觸式裂縫測量設(shè)備,使得檢測成本降低,提高工作效率,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程遙控、實(shí)時(shí)的、大批量的高精度測量,以滿足現(xiàn)代社會(huì)對(duì)建筑測量智能化的要求。因此,本科研課題的設(shè)立對(duì)于建筑物智能化檢測、鑒定、評(píng)估工作具有重大意義。隨著數(shù)字化光學(xué)攝影技術(shù)的發(fā)展,涉及到光學(xué)攝像的硬件技術(shù)如光學(xué)鏡頭、電荷耦合傳感器、相關(guān)電子元器件等產(chǎn)品性能指標(biāo)大幅度提高,且成本逐漸走低,為實(shí)現(xiàn)光學(xué)測量技術(shù)的應(yīng)用創(chuàng)造了條件。本課題正是利用基于光測法的數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù),對(duì)混凝土表面裂縫寬度等特征進(jìn)行測量和分析。具體技術(shù)路線為：1、利用圖像采集系統(tǒng)對(duì)裂縫形態(tài)進(jìn)行拍攝；2、將采集到的圖像進(jìn)行濾波、銳化、對(duì)比度增強(qiáng)等處理；3、對(duì)裂縫的圖像邊緣進(jìn)行處理,以此來銳化裂縫邊緣,使其更加清晰可辨；4、將裂縫邊緣作亞像素處理,確保圖像中的裂縫在放大處理后依然保持清晰可辨的輪廓邊緣,以利于計(jì)算時(shí)拾取邊緣位置。本課題打破常規(guī)裂縫圖像處理方法僅能計(jì)算水平和豎直方向裂縫寬度的局限,提出了一種全新的能計(jì)算任意走向和在一定傾角、俯仰角及在圓弧形特殊平面內(nèi)的裂縫寬度計(jì)算方法,并詳細(xì)的對(duì)其進(jìn)行了多種誤差修正,經(jīng)多組實(shí)驗(yàn)比較、分析和驗(yàn)證,該方法具有較高的精度,完全能夠滿足建構(gòu)筑物表面裂縫檢測的需要。最后,基于Java開發(fā)環(huán)境,采用面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)方法,編寫了裂縫寬度檢測軟件,實(shí)現(xiàn)了裂縫寬度的直接測量,使裂縫檢測更加數(shù)字化,解決了傳統(tǒng)人工檢測裂縫的效率低、不確定性、主觀性等方面的弊端,發(fā)揮了數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢。采用MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫,實(shí)現(xiàn)了裂縫信息的智能化管理。
[Abstract]:In the process of construction and operation of building structures, concrete structures often produce cracks and affect their serviceability and durability due to the reasons of design, construction and use. Moreover, when the width of cracks extends to a certain extent, Although a great deal of scientific research and practice has proved that cracks in concrete structures are unavoidable, are one of the inherent material properties of concrete, and are acceptable to people. But the crux of the problem is to strictly control the extent of damage within the allowable range. The condition of crack development is often one of the important conditions and bases for diagnosing, analyzing, and judging the morbid state of existing buildings, according to its location and shape. The cause of cracks in building structure can be preliminarily judged, the harm of cracks can be judged, and corresponding measures can be taken. Therefore, the information of form, direction, width, length and depth of concrete cracks can be grasped in time and accurately. It is very important to put forward a scientific and reasonable treatment scheme for judging the health condition of concrete members correctly. At present, the traditional contact detection method is the main method of crack width detection, which has high accuracy but low efficiency. In order to reduce the detection cost and improve the working efficiency, it is urgent to use a kind of remote non-contact crack measuring equipment in the practical application of engineering testing, which affects the testing process and results, and has a high economic cost and high labor cost. And on this basis, the remote control, real-time, high-precision measurement in large quantities is realized to meet the requirement of intelligent building survey in modern society. Therefore, the establishment of this research topic is useful for the intelligent detection and appraisal of buildings. The evaluation is of great significance. With the development of digital optical photography technology, the performance indexes of the hardware related to optical camera, such as optical lens, charge coupling sensor, related electronic components, etc., have been greatly improved. And the cost is decreasing gradually, which creates the conditions for the application of optical measurement technology. The concrete surface crack width and other characteristics are measured and analyzed. The concrete technical route is: 1. Using the image acquisition system to shoot the crack shape, the collected image is filtered and sharpened. Contrast enhancement and other processing, such as processing the image edge of the crack, so as to sharpen the edge of the crack, make it more clearly discernible and make the edge of the crack subpixel processing, To ensure that the cracks in the image remain clear and discernible contour edges after magnification, so as to pick up the edge position in the calculation. This subject breaks the limitation that the conventional crack image processing method can only calculate the horizontal and vertical crack width. A new method for calculating arbitrary strike and crack width in a certain inclination angle, pitch angle and in a special plane of circular arc is proposed, and various error corrections are carried out in detail, which are compared, analyzed and verified by many experiments. This method has high precision and can completely meet the need of crack detection on the surface of building structure. Finally, based on the Java development environment, an object-oriented programming method is used to compile the software for crack width detection. It realizes the direct measurement of crack width, makes the crack detection more digital, solves the disadvantages of the traditional manual detection of cracks, such as low efficiency, uncertainty, subjectivity and so on, and gives full play to the advantages of digital image processing technology. MySQL database is adopted. The intelligent management of crack information is realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中冶集團(tuán)建筑研究總院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU317;TP391.41

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本文編號(hào)：1570458