本文關(guān)鍵詞： 變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng) 節(jié)能 遞階 協(xié)調(diào) 優(yōu)化　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中央空調(diào)是現(xiàn)代建筑中的能耗大戶，其耗能占整個建筑能耗的50%-70%�？照{(diào)系統(tǒng)在設(shè)計時通常采用的是最不利工況設(shè)計，一般是按照空調(diào)系統(tǒng)最大的負荷來進行設(shè)計的。但實際運行時，空調(diào)系統(tǒng)90%以上的時間都是處于部分負荷狀態(tài)下的，空調(diào)系統(tǒng)對于負荷的處理有很大的冗余，而且在實際的空氣調(diào)節(jié)中也有很大的靈活性。變風(fēng)量（Variable Air Volume，VAV）空調(diào)系統(tǒng)是一種通過調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)量來滿足室內(nèi)負荷變化及舒適性要求的全空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)，，由于其無凝結(jié)水害、設(shè)計系統(tǒng)靈活、高效節(jié)能的優(yōu)點得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。然而，由于變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)具有非線性、大滯后、耦合性強、多變量、多擾動等特點，傳統(tǒng)的控制方式難以適應(yīng)其控制要求，使得變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能性、舒適性得不到充分體現(xiàn)。如何通過最優(yōu)化控制，使空調(diào)系統(tǒng)在滿足環(huán)境舒適性的同時，能穩(wěn)定的運行，并最大限度地減少系統(tǒng)能耗，就成為研究的重點。 由于變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)備較多，因此發(fā)生故障的頻率也相對比較高。如果變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中存在故障，會直接影響系統(tǒng)的能耗，導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)能耗增加，并且會影響空調(diào)室內(nèi)的舒適性。對于設(shè)備來說，會增加其損耗和減少其使用壽命。變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)運行在無故障狀態(tài)下，因此對于故障狀態(tài)的檢測就具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。對與防止運行事故的發(fā)生，提高空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的有效利用時間，延長空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的使用壽命都具有非常良好的效果。 本文通過改進的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法建立了變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)負荷模型，通過負荷的預(yù)測對變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的能耗進行監(jiān)測，并與實際的能耗檢測值進行比較，利用統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法進行系統(tǒng)故障檢測，能夠在變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)運行過程中進行故障狀態(tài)提示，確保變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)運行在無故障狀態(tài)下。采用了一種基于協(xié)調(diào)的遞階優(yōu)化控制，根據(jù)變風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的工作原理對變風(fēng)量空調(diào)大系統(tǒng)進行合理的分解，并通過實驗對變風(fēng)量空調(diào)大系統(tǒng)進行穩(wěn)態(tài)建模，得到其穩(wěn)態(tài)大系統(tǒng)模型。提出了其目標優(yōu)化方法，以變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)舒適性和節(jié)能性為優(yōu)化目標為各個控制器確立優(yōu)化設(shè)定值，實現(xiàn)變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化與節(jié)能控制。根據(jù)變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)主要部件的模型、能量平衡方程以及部件的物理限制定義了全局協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)化的目標函數(shù)和約束條件，實時優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)各動態(tài)參數(shù)，通過尋找最優(yōu)的操作條件，確定最佳工作點。并針對不同的控制回路采用不同自適應(yīng)控制策略對各子系統(tǒng)進行穩(wěn)定控制，使系統(tǒng)的控制參數(shù)始終維持在設(shè)定值附近。并對系統(tǒng)進行合理的設(shè)計、設(shè)備選型、軟件選取和優(yōu)化算法的實施，開發(fā)了變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的計算機控制系統(tǒng)，對實際的操作提供了有指導(dǎo)意義的根據(jù)。仿真和實驗研究結(jié)果表明該優(yōu)化方法不僅能保證系統(tǒng)的舒適性而且能顯著地降低系統(tǒng)能耗。
[Abstract]:Central air conditioning is a large household of energy consumption in modern buildings, and its energy consumption accounts for 50 to 70 percent of the energy consumption of the whole building. Air conditioning systems are usually designed under the most unfavorable conditions. It is generally designed according to the maximum load of the air conditioning system. However, when the air conditioning system is in operation, the time over 90% is in the state of partial load, and the air conditioning system has a great deal of redundancy for the handling of the load. The VAV air conditioning system is a kind of all air conditioning system which can adjust the air volume to meet the requirements of indoor load change and comfort, because it has no condensate water damage. The advantages of flexible design system, high efficiency and energy saving have been widely used. However, because VAV air conditioning system has the characteristics of nonlinear, large lag, strong coupling, multi-variable and multi-disturbance, it is difficult for the traditional control methods to adapt to its control requirements. The energy saving and comfort of VAV air conditioning system can not be fully realized. How to make the air conditioning system run stably while satisfying the environmental comfort, and reduce the energy consumption of the system to the maximum extent through the optimization control, Become the focus of research. Because VAV air conditioning system has more equipments, the frequency of failure is relatively high. If there are faults in VAV air conditioning system, the energy consumption of VAV air conditioning system will be directly affected and the energy consumption of VAV air conditioning system will increase. And it will affect the comfort of the air conditioning room. For the equipment, it will increase its loss and reduce its service life. The VAV air conditioning system should operate in a trouble-free condition. Therefore, it has important practical significance to detect the fault state. It has a very good effect on preventing the occurrence of running accidents, improving the effective utilization time of air conditioning system equipment, and prolonging the service life of air conditioning system. In this paper, the load model of VAV air conditioning system is established by improved neural network method, and the energy consumption of VAV air conditioning system is monitored by load forecasting, and compared with the actual energy consumption detection value. By using statistical method to detect the system faults, the fault state can be indicated during the operation of the VAV air conditioning system, and the VAV air conditioning system can be operated in a faultless state. A hierarchical optimal control based on coordination is adopted. According to the working principle of VAV air conditioning system, the VAV large scale air conditioning system is decomposed reasonably, and the steady state model of VAV large scale air conditioning system is established by experiments, and the model of VAV large scale air conditioning system is obtained, and its objective optimization method is presented. Taking the comfort and energy saving of VAV air conditioning system as the optimization target, the optimal setting value is established for each controller to realize the optimization and energy saving control of VAV air conditioning system. According to the model of main components of VAV air conditioning system, The energy balance equation and the physical limitation of components define the objective function and constraint conditions of global coordination optimization. The dynamic parameters of the system are optimized in real time. The optimal working point is determined, and different adaptive control strategies are adopted to stabilize the subsystems for different control loops, so that the control parameters of the system are always kept near the set value, and the system is reasonably designed and the equipment is selected. A computer control system for VAV air conditioning system optimization is developed by software selection and implementation of optimization algorithm. The simulation and experimental results show that the optimization method can not only guarantee the comfort of the system but also reduce the system energy consumption significantly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU831

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