發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-21 10:04

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 傳統(tǒng)民居 氣候區(qū)劃 氣候適應(yīng)性 被動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)策略 圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu) 熱工性能 屋面坡度 屋面挑檐深度　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為地方民間建筑的代表，傳統(tǒng)民居是建立在農(nóng)耕生產(chǎn)方式之上通過(guò)不斷的“試錯(cuò)、改良”方式逐漸積淀起來(lái)的產(chǎn)物，是在有限的物質(zhì)財(cái)富和資源條件下，，采用簡(jiǎn)便實(shí)用的建造技術(shù)，結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀粴夂蚝臀幕?xí)俗，建造出來(lái)的實(shí)用、高效并易于維護(hù)的建筑。傳統(tǒng)民居與生俱來(lái)的氣候適應(yīng)性特色是其精髓所在，也是現(xiàn)代生態(tài)建筑設(shè)計(jì)最值得借鑒的部分。 本文針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)民居內(nèi)部所蘊(yùn)藏的世代相傳的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，通過(guò)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)理論及技術(shù)措施加以分析、解釋、提煉，并運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代研究手段揭示其深層次的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵。圍繞國(guó)內(nèi)外不同氣候區(qū)典型傳統(tǒng)民居外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的氣候適應(yīng)性特點(diǎn)展開(kāi)系統(tǒng)的理論研究和數(shù)據(jù)分析，重點(diǎn)從外墻及屋面的熱性能、屋面挑檐深度、屋面坡度等幾個(gè)方面，全面而深入地挖掘傳統(tǒng)民居外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)氣候適應(yīng)性的內(nèi)在機(jī)理，并將其上升到系統(tǒng)的理論層面。取得了以下一些主要成果： 1）縱觀(guān)國(guó)外傳統(tǒng)民居，在形式追隨氣候的過(guò)程中，各氣候區(qū)典型傳統(tǒng)民居外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式、材料均呈現(xiàn)出明顯的地區(qū)差別，自然天成地形成與當(dāng)?shù)貧夂蛳噙m應(yīng)的風(fēng)貌； 2）國(guó)內(nèi)不同氣候區(qū)劃的傳統(tǒng)民居，各種被動(dòng)式策略性能發(fā)揮的有效性截然不同，在嚴(yán)寒或寒冷地區(qū)，材料蓄熱性能作用最大；夏熱冬暖地區(qū)，自然通風(fēng)的有效性最高；而在夏熱冬冷地區(qū)和溫和地區(qū)，材料蓄熱和自然通風(fēng)分別在冬季和夏季發(fā)揮比較明顯的被動(dòng)式熱舒適調(diào)節(jié)作用； 3）地處國(guó)內(nèi)不同氣候區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)民居：堿土民居、滿(mǎn)族民居、青海莊窠、新疆阿以旺民居、徽州民居、土掌房、傣家竹樓和貴州石板房，其外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的熱工特性均體現(xiàn)出了明顯的與當(dāng)?shù)貧夂蛳噙m應(yīng)的特點(diǎn)。這種鮮明的氣候適應(yīng)性特點(diǎn)是普通磚墻及鋼筋混凝土屋面組成的現(xiàn)代磚房所無(wú)法比擬的； 4）作為傳統(tǒng)民居外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)組成部分的屋檐，形式各異，出挑長(zhǎng)度不一，但均體現(xiàn)出較為明顯地與當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件相適宜的特點(diǎn)。其中，東、西方向屋檐的出挑長(zhǎng)度隨緯度不同變化較大，而南向屋檐的出挑長(zhǎng)度隨緯度不同變化較小。 5）在諸氣候因子（太陽(yáng)輻射、氣溫、風(fēng)速、降雨）中，降水是決定屋面坡度的主要因素，屋面坡度與降雨量成正比關(guān)系，當(dāng)?shù)亟涤炅吭蕉唷⑽菝嫫露仍酱�。同時(shí)，屋面材料也會(huì)對(duì)屋面坡度產(chǎn)生一定影響，地處同一地區(qū)的民居屋面，草屋面坡度大于石板屋面或瓦屋面坡度。
[Abstract]:As a representative of the local folk architecture and traditional dwellings is based on agricultural production through continuous trial and error, the product improved gradually accumulated, is in the material wealth and the limited resources conditions, using simple and practical construction technology, combined with the local climate and cultural practices, practical built, high efficiency and easy to maintain. The characteristics of the climate adaptability of traditional dwelling building is born with its essence, but also the modern ecological architecture design the most useful parts.
This paper contains valuable experience in traditional dwellings within generations, through modern scientific theories and technical measures to analyze, explain, refine, and use modern means of revealing the deep scientific connotation analysis. Based on the domestic and foreign typical traditional dwellings in different climate zone periphery structure of climate adaptability theory research and deployment system the data, mainly from the thermal performance of walls and roof, roof eaves roof slope depth, several aspects of the internal mechanism of comprehensive and in-depth mining of traditional dwelling outer envelope climate adaptability, and its rise to the theoretical level of the system has the following main results:
1) in the process of following the climate, the basic forms and materials of the typical traditional residential buildings in different climatic zones show obvious regional differences. They are naturally formed into the local climate.
2) different climate division of domestic traditional houses, the efficiency of various passive strategy performance is quite different from that in the cold or cold area, material storage performance effect; hot summer and warm winter area, natural ventilation effectiveness is highest; and in the hot summer and cold winter zone and temperate regions, heat storage material and natural ventilation in winter and summer respectively play a more obvious role of passive thermal comfort;
3) home is located in different climatic zones of traditional houses: alkaline earth houses, Manchu houses, Qinghai Zhuang Ke, Xinjiang Ayiwang residence, Huizhou residence, tuzhangfang, daijiazhulou and Guizhou stone buildings, the thermal characteristics of outer envelope appears obvious and adapt to the local climate characteristics of climate characteristics. This kind of brick is a modern adaptation of ordinary brick wall and reinforced concrete roof composed of incomparable;
4) as a traditional residence envelope part of eaves, forms, overhangs of varying length, but are more clearly reflects the characteristics of the local climate and conditions appropriate. Among them, the East, West to the roof overhangs length with different latitude changes greatly, and the South roof overhangs with different length variation of latitude small.
5) in various climatic factors (solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed, precipitation), precipitation is the main factor to determine the roof slope, roof slope is proportional to rainfall, local rainfall is more, the greater the slope roof roofing materials. At the same time, it will produce a certain effect to the roof slope, located in the same area residential roofing, grass roof slope greater than slate roofing or tile roof slope.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU241.5;TU111.4;TU119

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