發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-08 02:01

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：湘南地區(qū)瑤族傳統(tǒng)民居群落研究　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 湘南瑤族 傳統(tǒng)民居 群落 現(xiàn)狀思考

【摘要】：湘南地區(qū)的永州江華是全國瑤族人口最多、面積最大的瑤族自治縣,被譽(yù)為“神州第一瑤城”。但與社會(huì)文化進(jìn)步不相適應(yīng)的是,一些瑤族傳統(tǒng)民居年久失修,人為破壞嚴(yán)重。 以湘南地區(qū)瑤族民居為研究對象,經(jīng)過實(shí)地考察,從影響湘南地區(qū)瑤族民居群落的自然、社會(huì)諸因素入手,對聚落的布局、公共建筑的特色、單體民居的形制平面布局、空間、裝飾等進(jìn)行研究,并提出了民居的傳承與保護(hù)、合理有效開發(fā)等方面的建議。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),民居聚落的布局主要是依河而建或依路而建,聚落在交通要道及防御之地；群落中的公共建筑主要分宗教建筑,防御建筑,姓氏門樓,祠堂和其他建筑。公共建筑是溝通各家族以及整個(gè)村落的重要元素,是宗教信仰和社會(huì)習(xí)俗活動(dòng)的載體,同時(shí)還對聚落的布局和景觀有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。單體瑤族民居建筑呈現(xiàn)出多種多樣的風(fēng)格,體現(xiàn)出多文化融合的特征,主要特征包括：建筑結(jié)構(gòu)是以木構(gòu)架為結(jié)構(gòu)主體,即抬梁式木構(gòu)架磚砌山墻、坡頂瓦面；平面主要特征為前堂后寢,中軸對稱,內(nèi)部天井,規(guī)整嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),總體布局結(jié)合地形變化,前低后高,一般坐北朝南,與周圍自然環(huán)境融為一體,非常自然協(xié)調(diào)；外觀主要特征為青墻灰瓦,穩(wěn)重樸實(shí),風(fēng)火山墻,輕盈靈動(dòng)。民居的裝飾藝術(shù)形式主要是木雕、石雕、灰塑和彩繪；裝飾部位主要在木構(gòu)架、門、門簪、門檻、披水、柱礎(chǔ)上；裝飾題材主要分為動(dòng)物類、植物類、圖案和吉祥符號(hào)。 湘南地區(qū)瑤族民居建筑的藝術(shù)特征傳承了我國傳統(tǒng)建筑藝術(shù)的精髓,又具有自己獨(dú)有的地域特征,具有極高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值、獨(dú)特的文化歷史價(jià)值和建筑創(chuàng)作價(jià)值,建議： ①采取有效手段對諸如保持建筑本身的傳統(tǒng)布局、風(fēng)貌和特色等具有民族文化特色的載體進(jìn)行傳承、保護(hù)。不僅要保護(hù)建筑本身,還應(yīng)保護(hù)建筑所在區(qū)域的自然環(huán)境與人文環(huán)境,營造良好的古村風(fēng)貌與環(huán)境。并加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè),保持湘南瑤族民居的活力,實(shí)現(xiàn)瑤族民居的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 ②政府應(yīng)進(jìn)行科學(xué)規(guī)劃,做好配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,進(jìn)行合理有效的開發(fā)。
[Abstract]:Yongzhou Jiang Hua in southern Hunan is the Yao autonomous county with the largest population and the largest area in the country. It is praised as "the first Yao city of Shenzhou". However, some Yao traditional dwellings have been in disrepair for a long time, which is incompatible with the social and cultural progress. Man-made damage is serious. Taking the Yao folk houses in the south of Hunan as the research object, through the field investigation, starting with the natural and social factors that affect the community of Yao folk houses in the south of Hunan, the layout of the settlement and the characteristics of the public buildings are discussed. The shape layout, space and decoration of single dwelling are studied, and some suggestions on inheritance and protection, reasonable and effective development are put forward. Residential settlement layout is mainly built according to the river or according to the road, settlement in the main traffic routes and defensive sites; The public buildings in the community are mainly divided into religious buildings, defensive buildings, surnames gatehouses, ancestral halls and other buildings. Public buildings are important elements to connect the families and the whole village. It is the carrier of religious belief and social custom, and also has a profound influence on the layout and landscape of the settlement. The individual Yao folk house architecture presents a variety of styles, reflecting the characteristics of multi-cultural integration. The main features include: the main structure of the building is the wooden frame, that is, lifting beam timber frame brick gable wall, roof tile surface; The main features of the plane are the front hall and the back bed, the central axis symmetry, the inner patio, the regular strict, the overall layout combines the topographic change, the front is low and the rear is high, generally sits north facing south, merges with the surrounding natural environment, very natural coordination; The main features of the appearance are green wall gray tile, steady and simple, wind and fire gable wall, light and smart. The decorative art forms of folk houses are mainly wood carving, stone carving, gray plastic and painted; Decorative position is mainly in wood frame, door, door hairpin, doorsill, drape water, column foundation; Decorative themes are mainly divided into animals, plants, patterns and auspicious symbols. The artistic characteristics of Yao folk houses in southern Hunan have inherited the essence of Chinese traditional architectural art, and have their own unique regional characteristics, which has a very high artistic value. Unique cultural and historical value and architectural value. Adopt effective means to carry on the inheritance and protection of the carriers with national cultural characteristics, such as maintaining the traditional layout, style and characteristics of the architecture itself, not only to protect the architecture itself. We should also protect the natural and humanistic environment of the area where the building is located, create a good style and environment of the ancient village, strengthen economic construction, maintain the vitality of the Yao folk residence in southern Hunan, and realize the sustainable development of the Yao folk residence. The government should carry out scientific planning, complete supporting infrastructure, and carry out reasonable and effective development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU253;TU-86

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本文編號(hào)：1395135