發(fā)布時間：2024-12-07 04:05

　　有機物料施用可以供給植物和微生物生長所需的營養(yǎng)元素,又可以提升土壤有機質(zhì)(SOM)、改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)和肥力,進而為可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)維持土壤質(zhì)量。為了更有效地利用有機物料提升土壤有機質(zhì),需要弄清有機物料分解的機制。有機材料的分解受到多方面因素的影響,如有機物料的性質(zhì)、溫度、水分、土壤結(jié)構(gòu)和質(zhì)地,這其中土壤粘粒含量的影響尤為大。很多研究通過實驗室和田間的培養(yǎng)試驗,研究了土壤性質(zhì)與有機物料性質(zhì)之間交互作用。環(huán)境因素的變化也會影響土壤類型和有機物料分解率的交互作用,而前人研究中常結(jié)合分析土壤類型和有機物料性質(zhì)對分解率的影響。本文通過在湖南省祁陽縣中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院紅壤試驗站開展12個月的田間培養(yǎng)試驗,利用將有機物料裝進尼龍網(wǎng)袋、埋入不同類型土壤,來研究土壤類型和有機物料性質(zhì)對有機物料分解率的影響。 試驗在4種類型土壤即紅壤、潮土、黑土和水稻土開展,并選用7種有機物料,分別為小麥秸稈、玉米秸稈、水稻秸稈、小麥根、玉米根、豬糞、牛糞。有機物料的分解試驗在無土培養(yǎng)和混土培養(yǎng)下進行。試驗一：研究了7中有機物料在無土培養(yǎng)下的分解特征；試驗二：7種有機物料分別導(dǎo)3種類型土壤(紅壤、黑土和潮土)混合培養(yǎng),以研究土壤類...

【文章頁數(shù)】：157 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
博士學(xué)位論文評閱人、答辯委員會簽名表
摘要
Abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 Research progress of decomposition of organic materials in soils
    1.1 Soil organic matter-a key component of soil
    1.2 Role of soil organic matter
    1.3 Forms of organic matter in soil
        1.3.1 Dissolved organic matter
        1.3.2 Particulate organic matter
        1.3.3 Humus
        1.3.4 Resistant organic matter
    1.4 Climate change and soil organic matter
    1.5 Organic materials decomposition
        1.5.1 Importance of decomposition
    1.6 Controlling factors of decomposition
        1.6.1 Organic materials properties
        1.6.2 Soil properties
        1.6.3 Soil management practices
        1.6.4 Microbial activity and community composition
        1.6.5 Temperature and moisture
        1.6.6 Properties of the rhizosphere
    1.7 Decomposition experiments:An overview
    1.8 Biolog method-a technique for assessing soil microbial community composition
        1.8.1 Principles of Biolog Method
        1.8.2 Types of Biolog plates
        1.8.3 Advantages of Biolog plate method
        1.8.4 Limitations of Biolog methods
    1.9 Scientific question
    1.10 Hypotheses
    1.11 Objectives
CHAPTER 2 Decomposition characteristics of some organic materials in subtropicalclimatic region of China
    2.1 Summary
    2.2 Introduction
    2.3 Materials and Methods
        2.3.1 Site description
        2.3.2 Collection of organic materials and preparation
        2.3.3 Preparation of Nylon mesh bag for incubation experiment
        2.3.4 Sampling and analysis
        2.3.5 Soil temperature and moisture measurement
        2.3.6 Statistical analysis
    2.4 Results
        2.4.1 Composition of organic materials
        2.4.2 Mass loss
        2.4.3 Remaining organic carbon
        2.4.4 C:N ratio and Lignin:N ratio
        2.4.5 Changes in total nitrogen
        2.4.6 Relationship between remaining carbon and C:N ratio and lignin:N ratio
    2.5 Discussion
        2.5.1 Organic materials composition and decomposition
        2.5.2 Mass loss of organic materials
        2.5.3 Carbon decomposition
    2.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Decomposition characteristics of some organic materials mixed withdifferent soil types
    3.1 Summary
    3.2 Introduction
    3.3 Materials and Methods
        3.3.1 Collection of soil and organic materials
        3.3.2 Experimental design and treatments
        3.3.3 Preparation of nylon mesh bag
        3.3.4 Collection of samples and processing
        3.3.5 Statistical analysis
    3.4 Results
        3.4.1 Remaining organic carbon
        3.4.2 Effect of soil types on decomposition
        3.4.3 Mean Decomposition Rate
        3.4.4 Changes in total nitrogen
        3.4.5 Changes in C:N ratio
        3.4.6 Relationship between remaining C and C:N ratio
        3.4.7 Changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content
        3.4.8 Changes of MBC:MBN ratio
        3.4.9 Relationship between Remaining C and MBC:MBN ratio
    3.5 Discussion
    3.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Decomposition characteristics of rice straw, pig manure and cattlemanure in paddy field of south China
    4.1 Summary
    4.2 Introduction
    4.3 Materials and Methods
        4.3.1 Site description
        4.3.2 Collection and preparation of soil
        4.3.3 Collection of organic materials and preparation
        4.3.4 Preparation of Nylon mesh bag for incubation experiment
        4.3.5 Sampling and analysis
        4.3.6 Statistical analysis
    4.4 Results
        4.4.1 Mass loss of organic materials
        4.4.2 Remaining organic carbon
        4.4.3 Soil effect on C decomposition
        4.4.4 Mean decomposition rate of organic materials
        4.4.5 Changes in total nitrogen
        4.4.6 Changes in C:N ratio
        4.4.7 Relationship between remaining C percent and C:N ratio
    4.5 Discussion
        4.5.1 Mass loss of organic materials
        4.5.2 Decomposition of organic carbon
        4.5.3 Changes of total N
    4.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Studies of microbial community composition of some soils associatedwith different organic materials decomposition by the Biolog EcoPlates
    5.1 Summary
    5.2 Introduction
    5.3 Materials and Methods
        5.3.1 Study area
        5.3.2 Experimental Design and treatment
        5.3.3 Microbial biomass Carbon and Nitrogen
        5.3.4 BIOLOG analysis
        5.3.5 Data processing and analysis
    5.4 Results
        5.4.1 Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN)
        5.4.2 Community level physiological profile (CLPP) of microbial communities of soil
        5.4.3 Mean AWCD value
        5.4.4 AWCDs of two sampling times under three soil types
        5.4.5 Principal component analysis (PCA)
        5.4.6 Scree plot
    5.5 Discussion
    5.6 Conclusions
GENERAL CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
RESUME



本文編號：4014771