長期施肥對(duì)中國黑土有機(jī)碳和氮的分布與穩(wěn)定性的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023-04-25 19:09
增加土壤碳(C)和氮(N)儲(chǔ)量對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化和確保糧食安全至關(guān)重要。世界農(nóng)田土壤C的固存潛力為0.4～0.8 Pg y-1,其可以通過采用推薦管理措施(包括施肥管理)實(shí)現(xiàn)。本研究旨在定量評(píng)估長期不同有機(jī)肥和化肥配施有機(jī)肥施用對(duì)土壤有機(jī)碳(SOC)儲(chǔ)量的影響,比較與儲(chǔ)量變化因素相關(guān)的計(jì)算反應(yīng),并提出促進(jìn)SOC固持的建議。結(jié)果表明,長期有機(jī)肥(M)和化肥配施有機(jī)肥(MNPK)能顯著土壤SOC儲(chǔ)量。不同施肥處理和土壤剖面不同深度的有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量存在顯著差異(p<0.05),且其對(duì)初始SOC含量敏感。分析表明,持續(xù)施用有機(jī)肥和秸稈還田是緩解氣候變化、保障我國糧食安全的有效措施。我們的結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)為了更準(zhǔn)確地反映政策措施的效果,應(yīng)在根據(jù)肥料管理、氣候和土壤類型對(duì)農(nóng)田進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分類基礎(chǔ)上,探究有機(jī)碳變化的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。土壤有機(jī)碳作為影響作物產(chǎn)量的關(guān)鍵土壤質(zhì)量指標(biāo),是由一系列特殊穩(wěn)定組分構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜連續(xù)體。然而,關(guān)于長期施肥對(duì)剖面土壤有機(jī)碳保護(hù)機(jī)制的敏感性研究較少。因此,本研究以東北黑土為研究對(duì)象,使用物理化學(xué)聯(lián)合分組的方法,分析連續(xù)施用化肥和有機(jī)肥35年后,0-100 cm剖面不同保...
【文章頁數(shù)】：157 頁
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Significance of Soil Organic Carbon
1.2 The global carbon cycle
1.3 Global N cycle
1.3.1 Inequalities of nitrogen use
1.3.2 Consequence of increased Nr availability
1.3.3 Addressing Excesses,and Shortages
1.4 Soil organic matter stabilization
1.5 Stabilization in subsoil
1.6 The concepts of Soil Health and Soil Quality
1.6.1 Soil Health
1.6.2 Soil quality
1.6.3 Linking soil quality to soil functions and ecosystem services
1.7 Global Climate Change
1.7.1 Importance of subsoil C
1.8 Quantification of soil organic matter
1.8.1 Importance of SOC
1.9 Fractionation methods
1.9.1 Hydrolysis Methods
1.9.2 Physical Fractionation
1.9.3 Soil Dispersion
1.9.4 Particle Fractionation
1.9.5 Aggregate Fractionation
1.10 Protection mechanisms
1.10.1 Mechanisms of Physical Protection
1.10.2 Adsorption onto minerals
1.10.3 Mechanisms of Chemical Protection
1.10.4 Mechanisms of Biochemical Protection
1.11 Existing Problem
1.12 Scientific questions
1.13 Hypotheses
1.14 Objectives
CHAPTER2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Technical Route
2.2 Description of experimental site
2.3 Climate normal
2.4 Experimental design
2.5 Soil sampling and pre-processing
2.5.1 Soil basic properties analyses
2.5.2 Total organic C
2.5.3 Total nitrogen
2.6 Soil fractionation method
2.6.1 Introduction
2.6.2 Soil dispersion
2.6.3 Particle Fractionation
2.7 Physical-Chemical Fractionation procedure
2.8 Carbon analysis
2.9 Requirements for Procedure
2.10 C content analysis
2.11 N content analysis
2.12 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER3 STORAGE OF soil organic carbon and NITROGEN Along with the black soil PROFILE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Site description
3.2.2 Main calculations
3.3 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 SOC and TN densities
3.4.2 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
3.4.3 Content and distribution of SOC and TN stocks
3.4.4 Proportional distributions in the top100 cm of soil in the black soil
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER4 Variations in the distribution and protection mechanisms of SOIL ORGANIC CARBON TO LONG-TERM Fertilizations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Relative proportions of isolated fractions(across whole soil profile)
4.2.2 Distribution of SOC as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
4.2.3 SOC content of isolated fractions across the whole profile
4.2.4 Relationship between Fraction SOC and total SOC
4.3 Discussion
4.3.1 Distribution of SOC as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
4.3.2 Fractional proportions and SOC content under long-term fertilization
4.3.3 Relationship between Fraction SOC and total SOC
4.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER5 Distribution of TN in bulk soil and its fractions under LONG-TERM Fertilizations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Site description
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
5.3.2 TN content of isolated fractions across the whole profile
5.3.3 Biochemically protected
5.3.4 Relationship between Fraction TN and total N
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
5.4.2 Unprotected fraction
5.4.3 Physically protected
5.4.4 Chemically protected
5.4.5 Biochemically protected
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER6 Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Study site description
6.2.2 Experimental design and soil sampling
6.2.3 Soil chemical properties analyses
6.2.4 Fractionation procedure
6.2.5 Statistical analysis
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Soil organic carbon,total nitrogen(N),and total phosphorus
6.3.2 Distribution of soil C,N,P stoichiometry in various profile layers
6.3.3 Relationships between the SOC,TN and TP contents along with the profile
6.3.4 Association between C:N:P stoichiometry and C,N,P contents
6.3.5 Correlation between C:N ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.6 Correlation between C:P ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.7 Correlation between N:P ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.8 SOC fractions throughout the soil profile and their association with C:N:P stoichiometry
6.3.9 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with unprotected and physically protected SOC fractions
6.3.10 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with chemically and biochemically protected SOC fractions
6.3.11 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with physico-chemically and physico-biochemical protected SOC fractions
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 C,N,P contents and stoichiometries affected with mineral and manure fertilization across profile
6.4.2 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with non-protection and physical protection
6.4.3 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with chemical and biochemical protection
6.4.4 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with physico-chemical and physico-biochemical protection
6.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER7 overall Conclusion
7.1 Results and conclusions
7.1.1 Soil organic carbon and nitrogen storage
7.1.2 Distribution of organic carbon contents in bulk soil and fractions across profile
7.1.3 Distribution of total nitrogen in bulk soil and fractions across the whole profile
7.1.4 Distribution of soil C:N:P stoichiometry in top-compared with subsoil
7.2 Research innovation
7.3 Future Research Prospects
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
MUHAMMAD MOHSIN ABRAR
本文編號(hào)：3800882
【文章頁數(shù)】：157 頁
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Significance of Soil Organic Carbon
1.2 The global carbon cycle
1.3 Global N cycle
1.3.1 Inequalities of nitrogen use
1.3.2 Consequence of increased Nr availability
1.3.3 Addressing Excesses,and Shortages
1.4 Soil organic matter stabilization
1.5 Stabilization in subsoil
1.6 The concepts of Soil Health and Soil Quality
1.6.1 Soil Health
1.6.2 Soil quality
1.6.3 Linking soil quality to soil functions and ecosystem services
1.7 Global Climate Change
1.7.1 Importance of subsoil C
1.8 Quantification of soil organic matter
1.8.1 Importance of SOC
1.9 Fractionation methods
1.9.1 Hydrolysis Methods
1.9.2 Physical Fractionation
1.9.3 Soil Dispersion
1.9.4 Particle Fractionation
1.9.5 Aggregate Fractionation
1.10 Protection mechanisms
1.10.1 Mechanisms of Physical Protection
1.10.2 Adsorption onto minerals
1.10.3 Mechanisms of Chemical Protection
1.10.4 Mechanisms of Biochemical Protection
1.11 Existing Problem
1.12 Scientific questions
1.13 Hypotheses
1.14 Objectives
CHAPTER2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Technical Route
2.2 Description of experimental site
2.3 Climate normal
2.4 Experimental design
2.5 Soil sampling and pre-processing
2.5.1 Soil basic properties analyses
2.5.2 Total organic C
2.5.3 Total nitrogen
2.6 Soil fractionation method
2.6.1 Introduction
2.6.2 Soil dispersion
2.6.3 Particle Fractionation
2.7 Physical-Chemical Fractionation procedure
2.8 Carbon analysis
2.9 Requirements for Procedure
2.10 C content analysis
2.11 N content analysis
2.12 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER3 STORAGE OF soil organic carbon and NITROGEN Along with the black soil PROFILE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Site description
3.2.2 Main calculations
3.3 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 SOC and TN densities
3.4.2 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
3.4.3 Content and distribution of SOC and TN stocks
3.4.4 Proportional distributions in the top100 cm of soil in the black soil
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
CHAPTER4 Variations in the distribution and protection mechanisms of SOIL ORGANIC CARBON TO LONG-TERM Fertilizations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Relative proportions of isolated fractions(across whole soil profile)
4.2.2 Distribution of SOC as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
4.2.3 SOC content of isolated fractions across the whole profile
4.2.4 Relationship between Fraction SOC and total SOC
4.3 Discussion
4.3.1 Distribution of SOC as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
4.3.2 Fractional proportions and SOC content under long-term fertilization
4.3.3 Relationship between Fraction SOC and total SOC
4.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER5 Distribution of TN in bulk soil and its fractions under LONG-TERM Fertilizations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Site description
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
5.3.2 TN content of isolated fractions across the whole profile
5.3.3 Biochemically protected
5.3.4 Relationship between Fraction TN and total N
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Distribution of TN as a function of depth under long-term fertilization
5.4.2 Unprotected fraction
5.4.3 Physically protected
5.4.4 Chemically protected
5.4.5 Biochemically protected
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER6 Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry mediate sensitivity of carbon stabilization mechanisms along with surface layers of a Mollisol after long-term fertilization
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Study site description
6.2.2 Experimental design and soil sampling
6.2.3 Soil chemical properties analyses
6.2.4 Fractionation procedure
6.2.5 Statistical analysis
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Soil organic carbon,total nitrogen(N),and total phosphorus
6.3.2 Distribution of soil C,N,P stoichiometry in various profile layers
6.3.3 Relationships between the SOC,TN and TP contents along with the profile
6.3.4 Association between C:N:P stoichiometry and C,N,P contents
6.3.5 Correlation between C:N ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.6 Correlation between C:P ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.7 Correlation between N:P ratio and TOC,TN and TP
6.3.8 SOC fractions throughout the soil profile and their association with C:N:P stoichiometry
6.3.9 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with unprotected and physically protected SOC fractions
6.3.10 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with chemically and biochemically protected SOC fractions
6.3.11 Association of C:N:P stoichiometry with physico-chemically and physico-biochemical protected SOC fractions
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 C,N,P contents and stoichiometries affected with mineral and manure fertilization across profile
6.4.2 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with non-protection and physical protection
6.4.3 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with chemical and biochemical protection
6.4.4 Relationship of C:N:P stoichiometry with physico-chemical and physico-biochemical protection
6.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER7 overall Conclusion
7.1 Results and conclusions
7.1.1 Soil organic carbon and nitrogen storage
7.1.2 Distribution of organic carbon contents in bulk soil and fractions across profile
7.1.3 Distribution of total nitrogen in bulk soil and fractions across the whole profile
7.1.4 Distribution of soil C:N:P stoichiometry in top-compared with subsoil
7.2 Research innovation
7.3 Future Research Prospects
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
MUHAMMAD MOHSIN ABRAR
本文編號(hào)：3800882
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