農(nóng)業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展和集約化改變?nèi)郝浣M成,破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù),但鑒于高數(shù)量的人口和他們的食物需求,這也是不可避免的。因此,實(shí)施既能提供充足糧食又能保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)和生物多樣性的可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐至關(guān)重要。農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)有一個(gè)主要發(fā)現(xiàn):在靠近農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域的地方保留一些自然植被可以保護(hù)生物多樣性;然而,為了保持這種植被,農(nóng)民必須放棄在他們所有的土地上種植作物,并付出一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)代價(jià)。另一種觀點(diǎn)是,作物的異質(zhì)性可能會(huì)對(duì)生物多樣性產(chǎn)生積極影響,因?yàn)楫愘|(zhì)性通常包含更廣的生態(tài)位。因此,在相對(duì)較小的作物田地里種植大量作物,并有大量的農(nóng)田邊緣（包括一些非作物植被區(qū)）,是保護(hù)生物多樣性的一種潛在策略。然而,盡管研究支持了農(nóng)田邊緣與小塊農(nóng)田和生物多樣性之間的聯(lián)系,但很少有研究表明作物組成異質(zhì)性（作物類(lèi)型的數(shù)量和均勻性）和組織多樣性之間存在直接聯(lián)系。該研究調(diào)查了作物異質(zhì)性對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)群落多樣性（基于分類(lèi)的物種多樣性）和功能多樣性的影響。研究區(qū)域位于中國(guó)廣西壯族自治區(qū),是中國(guó)主要的糖類(lèi)和亞熱帶果蔬生產(chǎn)地。這項(xiàng)研究抽樣調(diào)查了省會(huì)南寧周邊農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)己有的52個(gè)生物多樣性監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)。我選擇研究以下四組益蟲(chóng),即膜翅目（蜜蜂/胡峰）、鱗翅目（蝴蝶）、蜻... 

【文章來(lái)源】：廣西大學(xué)廣西壯族自治區(qū) 211工程院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：78 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter 1:Introduction and study background
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Objectives of the study
    1.3 Measuring heterogeneity
    1.4. Responses of different taxa to landscape structure
        1.4.1. Bees
        1.4.2. Butterflies
        1.4.3. Carabid beetles
        1.4.4. Odonates (dragonflies/damselflies)
        1.4.5. Dung beetles
        1.4.6. Birds
        1.4.7. Plants
Chapter 2: Study design and major findings
    2.1 Study region
    2.2. Study site selection
    2.3. Establishment of transects
    2.4. Insect group selection and sampling
    2.5. Insect identification
    2.6. Local scale environmental data
    2.7. Landscape-scate environmental data
    2.8. Statistical analys
        2.8.1. Farmland heterogeneity quantification
        2.8.2. Analytical variables
        2.8.3. Mathematical modeling
            2.8.3.1. R packages and model averaging
            2.8.3.2. Random forest models
Chapter 3: Results
    3.1. Site characteristics
    3.2. Insect data
    3.3. Model results
Chapter 4. Discussion
    4.1. Crop diversity promotes the diversty of decomposing and pest controlling Insects
    4.2. Field margins promote diversity of flower visiting insects
    4.3. Combination of different crop types promote overall insect diversity
    4.4. Conclusion and management implications
References
Appendices
    Appendix 1.Crop list for each season with percentage of site occupancies
    Appendix 2A. Species check list of dung beetles
    Appendix 2B. Species check list of bees and wasps
    Appendix 2C. Species check list of dragonflies and damselflies
    Appendix 2D. Species check list of butterflies
Acknowledgements
Papers published during degree study



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