水稻持續(xù)增產(chǎn)是世界人口增長(zhǎng)的必然要求。為了減少由于害蟲爆發(fā)造成的作物損失,越來越多的不同新型殺蟲劑被開發(fā)和應(yīng)用。然而,殺蟲劑對(duì)人類健康、環(huán)境和害蟲自然天敵的危害同時(shí)也引起了公眾的關(guān)注。天敵與害蟲一般發(fā)生在同一個(gè)棲息地,這使得在利用殺蟲劑控制害蟲時(shí)天敵很容易通過任何直接途徑或間接途徑接觸到殺蟲劑。之前許多的研究也表明,殺蟲劑對(duì)天敵的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有重大影響。因此,殺蟲劑對(duì)非目標(biāo)生物的潛在不利影響評(píng)價(jià)是殺蟲劑生物安全性評(píng)估不可缺少的一部分。青翅蟻型隱翅甲是一種重要的天敵種類,在世界范圍內(nèi)（中國(guó)、馬來西亞、泰國(guó)和日本等地）被用于生物防治,可防治包括各種水稻害蟲在內(nèi)的多種毀滅性害蟲。在水稻農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,青翅蟻型隱翅甲是褐飛虱的重要天敵,其成蟲每天可以捕食9-10只褐飛虱若蟲。甲氨基阿維菌素苯甲酸鹽和氯蟲苯甲酰胺是防治不同作物上多種鞘翅目、鱗翅目和雙翅目害蟲的兩種新型殺蟲劑。在稻田中,這兩種殺蟲劑被大量的應(yīng)用于防治稻縱卷葉螟和二化螟等水稻害蟲中,但目前缺少這兩種殺蟲劑對(duì)青翅蟻型隱翅甲的安全性報(bào)道。本研究評(píng)價(jià)了甲氨基阿維菌素苯甲酸鹽和氯蟲苯甲酰胺對(duì)青翅蟻型隱翅甲的急性毒性,同時(shí)測(cè)定了亞致死劑量下兩種殺... 

【文章來源】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：139 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Food security and role of pesticide in food security
    1.2 History and development of pesticides
    1.3 Biological control
        1.3.1 Classical biological control
        1.3.2 Augmentative biological control
    1.5 Rove beetle, Paederus fuscipes as biological control agent
    1.6 Emamectin benzoate
        1.6.1 History of development
        1.6.2 Target insect
        1.6.3 Chemistry
        1.6.4 Mode of action
    1.7 Chlorantraniliprole
        1.7.1 History of development
        1.7.2 Target insects
        1.7.3 Chemistry
        1.7.4 Mode of action
    1.8 Insecticide risk assessment
        1.8.1 Risk assessment of emamectin benzoate and chlorantraniliprole
    1.9 Methods of risk assessment
        1.9.1 Acute toxicity assessment
        1.9.2 Chronic toxicity assessment
        1.9.3 Biochemical assessment of toxicity
        1.9.4 Transcriptome-based toxicity assessment
    1.10 Objectives of research
CHAPTER Ⅱ Materials and methods
    2.1 Insect culture rearing
        2.1.1 Rearing of brown planthopper as host
        2.1.2 Rearing of Paederus fuscipes as a predator
    2.2 Insecticides and dilutions
    2.3 Acute toxicity bioassay
    2.4 Chronic toxicity bioassay
        2.4.1 Developmental period assessment
        2.4.2 Fecundity assessment bioassay
        2.4.3 Feeding potential assessment bioassay
        2.4.4 Body weight assessment
    2.5 Biochemical induction bioassays
        2.5.1 Exposure to Emamectin benzoate
        2.5.2 Cytochrome P450 (P450) activity assessment
        2.5.3 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity assessment
        2.5.4 Carboxylesterase (CarEs) activity assessment
    2.6 Transcriptome-based analysis under emamectin benzoate stress
        2.6.1 Exposure to emamectin benzoate
        2.6.2 Extraction, quantification and qualification of RNA
        2.6.3 Library construction for transcriptome sequencing
        2.6.4 Transcriptome data analysis
        2.6.5 Gene analysis for differential expression
        2.6.6 qRT-PCR for the validation of transcriptome analysis
    2.7 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER Ⅲ RESULTS
    3.1 Short-term effects of Emamectin benzoate on P.fuscipes
        3.1.1 Acute toxicity of Emamectin benzoate for adults and second instar larvae of P.fuscipes
    3.2 Sublethal effects of insecticides on biological parameters of P. fuscipes
        3.2.1 Sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on developmental period of P. fuscipes
        3.2.2 Sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on fecundity of directly treated adults (10-days-old) of P.fuscipes
        3.2.3 Sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on fecundity of adults emerged from treated second instar larvae of P. fuscipes
        3.2.4 Sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on feeding potential of adults of P.fuscipes
        3.2.5 Sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on feeding potential of second instar larvae of P.fuscipes
        3.2.6 Sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on body weight of adult female of P.fuscipes
        3.2.7 Sublethal effects of insecticides on body weight of adult male of P.fuscipes
    3.3 The effects of chlorantraniliprole on P. fuscipes
        3.3.1 Acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole for adults and second instar larvae of P.fuscipes
    3.4 Sublethal effects of insecticides on biological parameters of P.fuscipes
        3.4.1 Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on developmental period of P. fuscipes
        3.4.2 Sublethal effects of insecticides on fecundity of directly treated adults (10-days-old) of P. fuscipes
        3.4.3 Sublethal effects of insecticides on fecundity of adults emerged from treated second instar larvae of P. fuscipes
        3.4.5 Sublethal effects of insecticides on feeding potential of adults of P. fuscipes
        3.4.6 Sublethal effects of insecticides on feeding potential of second instar larvae of P.fuscipes
        3.4.7 Sublethal effects of insecticides on body weight of adult female of P.fuscipes
        3.4.8 Sublethal effects of insecticides on body weight of adult male of P. fuscipes
    3.5 Effect of emamectin benzoate on detoxification enzymes activity
    3.6 Identification of genes involved in detoxification mechanism of emamectin benzoate in P.fuscipes
        3.6.1 Illumina sequencing and transcriptome analysis
        3.6.2 Differential genes expression under emamectin benzoate stress
        3.6.3 Detoxification mechanism related genes
        3.6.4 Validation of transcriptome via qPCR
CHAPTER Ⅳ DISCUSSION
    4.1 Lethal and sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on P.fuscipes
    4.2 Lethal and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on P.fuscipes
    4.3 Effect of emamectin benzoate on detoxification enzymes
    4.4 Genetic variation due to emamectin benzoate exposure and gene regulation
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCE
SUPPLEMENT
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


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