綠肥作物對(duì)降低化肥用量以及提高土壤肥力具有重要作用。但綠肥對(duì)稻田溫室氣體排放的影響及其機(jī)制尚不清楚。為此,基于雙季稻區(qū)兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)（水稻種植制度定位試驗(yàn)和水稻有機(jī)肥定位試驗(yàn)）,于2018年和2019年分析了綠肥對(duì)水稻產(chǎn)量、溫室氣體排放、產(chǎn)甲烷菌與甲烷氧化菌等土壤微生物群落的影響,以及紫云英與秸稈還田的互作效應(yīng)。水稻種植制度定位試驗(yàn)位于湖南省祁陽(yáng)縣,始于1982年,設(shè)置黑麥草-水稻-水稻（Ry）、紫云英-水稻-水稻（Mv）、油菜-水稻-水稻（Rp）以及冬閑-水稻-水稻（Fa）4個(gè)處理;有機(jī)肥定位試驗(yàn)位于江西省進(jìn)賢縣,始于1981年,設(shè)置全量化肥（100%NPK）、減量化肥+紫云英（NPK+Mv）、減量化肥+紫云英+稻秸還田（NPK+Mv+S）以及不施肥對(duì)照（CK）4個(gè)處理。本文主要研究結(jié)果如下:冬種綠肥還田對(duì)早稻產(chǎn)量及稻田溫室氣體（Greenhouse gas,GHG）排放的影響高于晚稻。與Fa相比,Mv、Rp和Ry處理的水稻周年產(chǎn)量分別顯著提高19.91%、14.45%和10.65%;Ry和Rp處理的周年甲烷排放分別顯著提高116.73%和52.45%,但Mv處理則降低16.33%... 

【文章來(lái)源】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京市

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：101 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
    1.1 Background of the Study
    1.2 Problem statement
    1.3 Research questions
    1.4 Hypothesis
    1.5 Research framework
    1.6 Objectives
    1.7 Justification
    1.8 Project components
CHAPTER 2 Literature Review
    2.1 Overview of rice production in China
    2.2 Classification and description of green manure
    2.3 Impact of green manure on soil properties and rice yield
        2.3.1 Soil properties
        2.3.2 Soil microbial communities
        2.3.3 Rice yield
    2.4 Microbial processes and molecular ecology of microorganism affiliated withmethane emissions
        2.4.1 Methanogenesis and methane oxidation
        2.4.2 Molecular ecology of microorganism affiliated with methane emissions
    2.5 Effects of green manuring and N fertilization on GHG emissions
        2.5.1 Effects of green manuring on GHG emissions
        2.5.2 Effects of chemical N fertilization on GHG emissions
CHAPTER 3 Materials and Methods
    3.1 Site description
    3.2 Experimental design and crop management practices
    3.3 Gas sampling
    3.4 Soil sampling and determination
    3.5 Yield and N uptake determination
    3.6 GHG emission calculations
    3.7 Microbial assays
        3.7.1 DNA extraction
        3.7.2 qPCR
        3.7.3 Sequencing
    3.8 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER 4 Impacts of Green Manure on Rice Productivity and GHG Emissions
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and methods
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Green manure biomass and C/N ratio
        4.3.2 Rice productivity
        4.3.3 CH_4 emissions
        4.3.4 N_2O emissions
        4.3.5 Area-scaled and yield-scaled GHG emissions
    4.4 Discussion
        4.4.1 Impacts of green manuring on rice productivity
        4.4.2 Effects of green manuring on CH_4 emissions
        4.4.3 Effects of green manuring on N_2O emissions
        4.4.4 Area- and yield-scaled GHG emissions
    4.5 Summary
CHAPTER 5 Impacts of Green Manure on the Belowground
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and methods
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Soil properties
        5.3.2 Plant N uptake
        5.3.3 Gene abundance of methanogen and methanotroph
        5.3.4 Community composition of methanogens and methanotrophs
    5.4 Discussion
    5.5 Summary
CHAPTER 6 Impacts of Green Manure and Straw on Rice Yield and GHG Emissions
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Materials and methods
    6.3 Results
        6.3.1 Soil physico-chemical properties and bacteria
        6.3.2 CH_4 and N_2O emissions
        6.3.3 Rice yield, area- and yield-scaled GHG emissions
    6.4 Discussion
        6.4.1 Impacts of green manure and straw mulch on soil properties and bacterialcommunity structure
        6.4.2 Impacts of green manure and straw mulch on CH_4 and N_2O emissions
        6.4.3 Impacts of green manure and straw mulch on rice yield and total emission
    6.5 Summary
CHAPTER 7 General Discussion and Conclusions
    7.1 General discussion
    7.2 Conclusions
    7.3 Recommendations
References
Acknowledgements
Publications
Authors Resume


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期刊論文
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