檸檬內(nèi)定殖的昆蟲病原真菌對其生長及柑橘木虱的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-06-20 07:00
【摘要】：本研究測定了白僵菌屬(Beauveria)、棒束孢屬(Isaria)和綠僵菌屬(Metarhizium)的分離菌株在檸檬中的定殖能力,并且進(jìn)一步探討了昆蟲病原真菌在檸檬中定殖對檸檬生長及其害蟲柑橘木虱的存活率、生長發(fā)育和繁殖率等生理指標(biāo)的影響。對昆蟲病原真菌的分離菌株進(jìn)行致病力測試后,篩選得到有強(qiáng)侵染力的菌株。致病力研究中,不同菌株處理柑橘木虱5天后,成蟲死亡率達(dá)到60%;其中兩個(gè)菌株處理柑橘木虱7天后,成蟲死亡率分別達(dá)到92%和95%在葉面接種菌株后,昆蟲病原真菌定殖于檸檬的葉、莖、根等不同組織中,其中白僵菌的兩個(gè)菌株在檸檬中定殖時(shí)間長達(dá)12周。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在檸檬中接種病原真菌所使用的方法以及檸檬的樹齡對定殖率有顯著影響。在同一樹齡的檸檬中,使用葉面接種的昆蟲病原真菌定殖率高達(dá)58.3%,比使用土壤浸潤接種的25%高;另外,在低樹齡的檸檬中分再分離到昆蟲病原真菌的概率更高。白僵菌定殖檸檬幼苗后,樹高以及葉片數(shù)都顯著大于無白僵菌定殖植株。測定內(nèi)生真菌定殖于檸檬幼苗后對柑橘木虱存活率、生長發(fā)育以及繁殖力的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),白僵菌作為內(nèi)生菌定殖于檸檬后,柑橘木虱的死亡率升高,卵的孵化率、若蟲的羽化率以及雌蟲的繁殖率都有顯著下降。內(nèi)生的白僵菌致使3個(gè)連續(xù)世代的柑橘木虱死亡15%,卵的孵化率和若蟲羽化率顯著下降。結(jié)果表明,雌蟲在含有內(nèi)生真菌的檸檬上取食后,產(chǎn)卵量比在無內(nèi)生菌定殖檸檬上取食的低。另外,從田間被蟲生真菌感染的柑橘木虱體內(nèi)分離菌株,并通過形態(tài)學(xué)結(jié)合ITS序列分析鑒定菌株。使用最大似然法和最大簡約法構(gòu)建該菌的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹后鑒定確認(rèn)該菌株屬于棒束孢屬真菌。將分離菌株回接到柑橘木虱的成蟲和若蟲中,木虱所表現(xiàn)癥狀和田間觀察到的一致。爪哇棒束孢(Isaria javanica)的兩個(gè)分離菌株中的一株(IJACP)通過葉面接種后能夠成功定殖在檸檬的莖和葉中。此外,本研究測定了不同的接種方法對昆蟲病原真菌在檸檬中定殖率的影響。結(jié)果表明,結(jié)合葉面接種的種子浸潤接種的雙接種法的定殖率比單一的葉面接種或種子浸潤接種的定殖率高。綜上所述,本研究闡述了昆蟲病原真菌在檸檬幼苗中定殖不僅能夠提高株高和葉片數(shù),還能夠降低柑橘木虱對檸檬的為害。本研究為柑橘木虱的防治提出了一個(gè)利用昆蟲病原真菌間接防治害蟲的一種新的生物防治措施。
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2019
【分類號】：S436.66;S476.12
【圖文】：
Fig. 1-1. Predators of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri); (A) Coccinellid predatory beetles Harmonia axyridis(B) Parasitic wasp Tamarixia radiata (Photo by J.K Clark, M. A Hoy). Source[1]圖 1-1. 柑橘木虱的天敵昆蟲：（A）異色瓢蟲；（B）亮腹釉小蜂1.5.5 Entomopathogenic fungi as bio-control agents for the management of Asiancitrus psyllid and other economic pests of citrusEntomopathogenic fungi (EPF) when incorporated as part of an Integrated Pest Managementprogram have been shown to be effective in managing pest populations[165]. The populations ofimmigrant insect pests on the plant surface and in the soil can be effectively suppressed by sprayingEPF in a classical biological control strategy[166]. EPF has a wide host range and vary considerablyin their mode of action and virulence, therefore are the most effective biological control agents[167].Several entomopathogenic fungal species have been evaluated as microbial control agents against
2-1. Survival probability of Asian citrus psyllid adults exposed to Beauveria bassiana strains (BBB Fafu-13 and BB Fafu-16) and Metarhizium anisopliae (MA Fafu-1) and the control at differenpost-exposure (1-7 days).圖 2-1.白僵菌菌株以及綠僵菌侵染對柑橘木虱存活率的影響 Microscopic examinationour fungal strains induced similar disease symptoms in healthy adult D. citri. All theced mycelium outgrowth in dead insects within 1-3 days of psyllid exposure. Hol outgrowth caused by BB Fafu-13 strain (Fig. 2-2) appears earlier that the rest os, while MA Fafu-1 and BB Fafu-16 are usually 12 18 h later than strains BB Fafuafu-13. Microscopic examination was done to observe the development of external symult ACP post-inoculation with fungal conidial suspensions of each of the strains at dincubation times (24, 36, 48, 72, 84 and 96 h PI) (Fig. 2-2).
本文編號：2722052
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2019
【分類號】：S436.66;S476.12
【圖文】：
Fig. 1-1. Predators of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri); (A) Coccinellid predatory beetles Harmonia axyridis(B) Parasitic wasp Tamarixia radiata (Photo by J.K Clark, M. A Hoy). Source[1]圖 1-1. 柑橘木虱的天敵昆蟲：（A）異色瓢蟲；（B）亮腹釉小蜂1.5.5 Entomopathogenic fungi as bio-control agents for the management of Asiancitrus psyllid and other economic pests of citrusEntomopathogenic fungi (EPF) when incorporated as part of an Integrated Pest Managementprogram have been shown to be effective in managing pest populations[165]. The populations ofimmigrant insect pests on the plant surface and in the soil can be effectively suppressed by sprayingEPF in a classical biological control strategy[166]. EPF has a wide host range and vary considerablyin their mode of action and virulence, therefore are the most effective biological control agents[167].Several entomopathogenic fungal species have been evaluated as microbial control agents against
2-1. Survival probability of Asian citrus psyllid adults exposed to Beauveria bassiana strains (BBB Fafu-13 and BB Fafu-16) and Metarhizium anisopliae (MA Fafu-1) and the control at differenpost-exposure (1-7 days).圖 2-1.白僵菌菌株以及綠僵菌侵染對柑橘木虱存活率的影響 Microscopic examinationour fungal strains induced similar disease symptoms in healthy adult D. citri. All theced mycelium outgrowth in dead insects within 1-3 days of psyllid exposure. Hol outgrowth caused by BB Fafu-13 strain (Fig. 2-2) appears earlier that the rest os, while MA Fafu-1 and BB Fafu-16 are usually 12 18 h later than strains BB Fafuafu-13. Microscopic examination was done to observe the development of external symult ACP post-inoculation with fungal conidial suspensions of each of the strains at dincubation times (24, 36, 48, 72, 84 and 96 h PI) (Fig. 2-2).
本文編號：2722052
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