【摘要】：硝化作用是一個(gè)對(duì)pH高度敏感的典型過(guò)程,但pH影響土壤硝化作用的機(jī)制尚不完全明了。本研究以西南地區(qū)3種發(fā)育于同一母質(zhì)的不同pH的紫色土(酸性紫色土pH=5.7,中性紫色土pH=7.3,石灰性紫色土pH=8.0)作為供試材料,研究pH對(duì)紫色土硝化強(qiáng)度及氨氧化微生物的長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng);通過(guò)人為添加酸(H_2SO_4)或堿(NaOH)短期改變土壤pH的方法,研究pH對(duì)紫色土硝化作用強(qiáng)度、氨氧化微生物活性及豐度的短期效應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明,pH的短期改變對(duì)酸性與石灰性紫色土的硝化作用無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05),但對(duì)中性紫色土的硝化速率影響顯著(P0.05);氨氧化古菌(AOA)的amo A基因在酸性土壤環(huán)境中的表達(dá)更高(3.04×10~8/g干土,AOA/AOB=31.8),而氨氧化細(xì)菌(AOB)則更適應(yīng)于石灰性紫色土環(huán)境(2.35×10~8/g干土,AOA/AOB=0.07)。研究表明,紫色土的硝化作用強(qiáng)度受pH的影響顯著,且在不同pH土壤中其作用機(jī)制各不相同。硝化微生物群落和活性主導(dǎo)了酸性和石灰性紫色土中的硝化作用,而中性紫色土中的硝化作用則是由底物濃度所主導(dǎo)。研究推測(cè)長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的pH是影響硝化微生物群落和活性的關(guān)鍵因素,而pH的短期改變則主要影響硝化反應(yīng)的底物有效性。
[Abstract]:Nitrification is a typical process highly sensitive to pH, but the mechanism of pH affecting soil nitrification is not fully understood. In this study, three kinds of purple soils with different pH developed in the same parent material (acid purple soil pH=5.7, neutral purple soil pH=7.3, calcareous purple soil pH=8.0) were used as experimental materials to study the long-term effects of pH on nitrification intensity and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in purple soil. The short-term effects of pH on nitrification intensity, ammonia-oxidizing microbial activity and abundance of purple soil were studied by artificially adding acid (H_2SO_4) or alkali (NaOH) to change soil pH for a short period of time. The results showed that the short-term change of pH had no significant effect on the nitrification of acidic and calcareous purple soil (P 0.05), but had a significant effect on the nitrification rate of neutral purple soil (P 0.05). The expression of amo A gene of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) was higher in acid soil environment (3.04 脳 10 ~ 8 / g dry soil, AOA/AOB=31.8), while the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was more suitable for calcareous purple soil environment (2.35 脳 10 ~ 8 / g dry soil, AOA/AOB=0.07). The results showed that the nitrification intensity of purple soil was significantly affected by pH, and its mechanism was different in different pH soils. Nitrification microbial community and activity dominate nitrification in acidic and calcareous purple soil, while nitrification in neutral purple soil is dominated by substrate concentration. It is speculated that long-term stable pH is the key factor affecting nitrification microbial community and activity, while the short-term change of pH mainly affects the substrate availability of nitrification.
【作者單位】： 西南大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41271267,41301315) 重慶市自然科學(xué)基金(Cstc2012JJA80024)資助
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S151.9

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