零價鐵—厭氧污泥聯(lián)合體系處理豬場廢水的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-13 19:26
【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國規(guī)�；B(yǎng)豬業(yè)的加速發(fā)展,由豬場產(chǎn)生的糞尿等污染物對周邊的生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。厭氧生物技術(shù)以其有效、可靠、經(jīng)濟等優(yōu)勢廣泛應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)行的豬場廢水處理,但運行過程中存在處理效果不穩(wěn)定、出水COD和氮磷濃度偏高、甲烷產(chǎn)量不高等問題。零價鐵(ZVI)作為一種還原性強且廉價的材料,被證明可在厭氧環(huán)境中為微生物提供電子,改善厭氧反應(yīng)環(huán)境,從而促進氯代有機物、硝基化合物和偶氮染料等有機物的生物降解。因此,本文采用ZVI-厭氧污泥聯(lián)合體系來處理豬場廢水,以添加零價鐵的方式提高豬場廢水厭氧處理段的有機物去除效果和甲烷產(chǎn)量,這對于探索新型豬場廢水處理技術(shù),具有重要的理論意義。本論文的主要研究成果如下：1、利用批次實驗,探究了投加鐵的種類、初始pH值、鐵投加量等因素對ZVI-厭氧污泥聯(lián)合體系處理效果的影響。結(jié)果表明：鐵粉和鐵屑這兩種類型ZVI投加可分別使厭氧體系的COD去除率提高8.63%和4.32%?去除速率提高32.47%和20.98%,以及最終的甲烷產(chǎn)量提高24.39%和13.04%,且鐵粉的強化效果優(yōu)于鐵屑。pH研究表明,當(dāng)初始pH值從5升高到8時,聯(lián)合體系的COD去除率和去除速率分別從76.83%和14.52 mgCOD/(gVSS·h)升高到83.45%和18.54mgCOD/(gVSS·h).但在初始pH值為6時,ZVI投加對COD去除速率的提高幅度最大。鐵投加量的研究表明,當(dāng)鐵和污泥的質(zhì)量比從0升高到2.63時,體系中的COD去除率和去除速率分別從75.14%和14.20 mgCOD/(gVSS·h)升高到90.64%和19.81 mgCOD/(gVSS·h),甲烷產(chǎn)量也從3.02 mmol升高到6.07 mmol。但鐵泥比進一步提高到5.26時,聯(lián)合體系的處理性能出現(xiàn)下降。在該鐵投加量下,微生物細胞出現(xiàn)破損,代謝活性降低。在鐵的強化效益方面,鐵泥比為0.74時,單位質(zhì)量鐵對COD去除速率以及甲烷生成的貢獻率都為最大。故兼顧效率性和經(jīng)濟性,聯(lián)合體系的鐵泥比范圍在0.74～2.63之間較為適宜。2、利用連續(xù)流實驗,探究了ZVI-UASB聯(lián)合體系的運行性能。以不加ZVI的普通UASB反應(yīng)器為對照,比較了ZVI-UASB反應(yīng)器對豬場廢水的處理效果、反應(yīng)器中顆粒污泥的理化特征以及ZVI的形態(tài)變化。結(jié)果表明：與對照組相比,在負荷為20g/L·d-1時,ZVI添加使反應(yīng)器的COD去除率、磷酸鹽去除率以及容積產(chǎn)氣率分別提高了8.5%、27.8%和50%,增強了反應(yīng)器抵抗負荷沖擊和進水pH值波動的能力。此外,ZVI的添加使污泥中總胞外多聚物的含量提高了53.24%,其中蛋白質(zhì)含量的增加幅度大于多糖。和對照組的顆粒污泥相比,ZVI-厭氧顆粒污泥中菌體問的黏連性更好,污泥顆粒結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊,產(chǎn)甲烷活性提高了44%。隨著反應(yīng)器的運行,ZVI會發(fā)生緩慢的腐蝕溶出Fe2+,且出水Fe2+濃度從最初的9.02 mg/L逐漸減小至4.51 mg/L。此外,一些ZVI會被污泥包裹,參與污泥顆粒化過程；一些ZVI表面反應(yīng)生成了Fe3(PO4)2和Fe304。3、利用qPCR及高通量測序技術(shù),探究了ZVI添加對厭氧反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)微生物群落的影響。結(jié)果表明ZVI-UASB反應(yīng)器中,與產(chǎn)甲烷相關(guān)的mcrA基因豐度為對照組(不添加ZVI)的1.36倍,ZVI的添加增強了反應(yīng)器的產(chǎn)甲烷能力。高通量測序結(jié)果顯示,古菌方面,ZVI的添加使反應(yīng)器中的甲烷毛狀菌屬(Methanosaeta)和甲烷桿菌屬(Methanobacterium)的豐度顯著提高,而Miscellaneous_Euryarchaeotic_Group (MEG)和Euryarchaeota_ unclassified等菌群的豐度降低。細菌方面,ZVI添加使互營單胞菌屬(Syntrophomonas)、互營菌屬(Syntrophus)、Pelotomaculum等互營代謝菌群以及梭菌屬(Clostridium)、胃瘤球菌屬(Ruminococcus)和密螺旋體屬(Treponema)等同型產(chǎn)乙酸菌的豐度提高,而VC2.1_Bac22_norank、Lutispora、Bacteriovoracaceae_uncultured等菌群的豐度有所減小。這表明ZVI的添加對微生物菌群具有選擇性影響,可以定向的富集特定微生物使其成為優(yōu)勢種群。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the large-scale pig-raising industry in our country, the pollution of the pig manure and the like generated by the pig farm has a great influence on the environment of the surrounding environment. The anaerobic biological technology is widely used in the existing pig farm wastewater treatment with its effective, reliable and economic advantages, but the treatment effect is not stable during the operation, the effluent COD and the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration are high, and the methane yield is not high. Zero-valent iron (ZVI), as a kind of reduced and cheap material, has been shown to provide electrons to the microorganisms in the anaerobic environment to improve the anaerobic reaction environment, thus promoting the biodegradation of organic compounds such as chlorinated organic compounds, nitro compounds and azo dyes. Therefore, the ZVI-anaerobic sludge combined system is used to treat the pig farm wastewater, so as to increase the organic matter removal effect and the methane yield in the anaerobic treatment section of the pig farm wastewater by adding the zero-valent iron, which is of great theoretical significance for exploring the new pig farm wastewater treatment technology. The main research results of this paper are as follows:1. The influence of the kinds of iron, the initial pH value and the iron dosage on the treatment effect of the ZVI-anaerobic sludge combined system is investigated by using the batch experiment. The results show that the removal rate of COD in the anaerobic system can be increased by 8.63% and 4.32%, respectively. The removal rate increased by 32.47% and 20.98%, and the final methane yield increased by 24.39% and 13.04%, and the strengthening effect of iron powder was better than that of the scrap iron. The results showed that when the initial pH value increased from 5 to 8, the COD removal rate and removal rate of the combined system increased from 76.83% and 14.52 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h) to 83.45% and 18.54 mg COD/ (gVSS. h), respectively. However, when the initial pH value is 6, the increase of the removal rate of COD is the most. The study of iron dosage showed that when the mass ratio of iron and sludge increased from 0 to 2.63, the removal rate and removal rate of COD in the system increased from 75.14% and 14.20 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h) to 90.64% and 19.81 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h), respectively, and the yield of methane also increased from 3.02 mmol to 6.07 mmol. However, when the ratio of the iron-to-mud ratio is further increased to 5.26, the treatment performance of the combined system is decreased. Under the dosage of iron, the microbial cells were damaged and the metabolic activity decreased. In the aspect of iron strengthening, the ratio of iron to COD removal rate and the contribution rate of methane generation is the largest in the iron-mud ratio of 0.74. Therefore, the efficiency and economy of the combined system are more suitable than the range of 0.74-2.63, and the running performance of the ZVI-UASB combined system is explored by continuous flow experiment. The treatment effect of ZVI-UASB reactor on the wastewater of the pig farm was compared with the general UASB reactor without the ZVI, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the granular sludge in the reactor and the change of the morphology of the ZVI were compared. The results showed that, when the load was 20 g/ L 路 d-1, the removal rate of COD, the removal rate of phosphate and the gas yield of the reactor were increased by 8.5%, 27.8% and 50%, respectively, and the ability of the reactor to resist the load and the fluctuation of the pH value of the influent was enhanced. In addition, the addition of ZVI increased the total extracellular polymer content of the sludge by 53.24%, and the increase of protein content was higher than that of the polysaccharide. Compared with the granular sludge in the control group, the slime in the ZVI-anaerobic granular sludge is better in adhesion, the structure of the sludge granules is more compact, and the methane production activity is increased by 44%. With the operation of the reactor, the ZVI has a slow corrosion and dissolution of Fe2 +, and the Fe2 + concentration of the effluent gradually decreases from the original 9.02 mg/ L to 4.51 mg/ L. In addition, some ZVI can be wrapped by the sludge and participate in the sludge granulation process; some of the ZVI surface reactions generate Fe3 (PO4)2 and Fe304.3, and the effects of the addition of ZVI on the microbial community of the anaerobic reaction system are explored by using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that, in the ZVI-UASB reactor, the mcrA gene abundance associated with methane production is 1.36 times that of the control group (without the addition of ZVI), and the addition of the ZVI enhances the methane production capacity of the reactor. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the addition of ZVI increased the abundance of Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium in the reactor, while the abundance of the species in Miscellaneous _ Euryarchaeitic _ Group (MEG) and Euryarchaeita _ unclassified group was reduced. In the aspect of bacteria, the addition of ZVI increases the abundance of the metacolymonas, Syntrophos, Peltoomaculum, and the C. clostrium, the genus Ruminococcus and Treponema, while V2.1 _ Bac22 _ norank, Lutispora, There was a decrease in the abundance of the species of bacteria, such as Bacterororaceae _ unctuured. This indicates that the addition of ZVI has a selective effect on the microbial flora, and can be directed to enrich the specific microorganism to make it a dominant species.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X713
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the large-scale pig-raising industry in our country, the pollution of the pig manure and the like generated by the pig farm has a great influence on the environment of the surrounding environment. The anaerobic biological technology is widely used in the existing pig farm wastewater treatment with its effective, reliable and economic advantages, but the treatment effect is not stable during the operation, the effluent COD and the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration are high, and the methane yield is not high. Zero-valent iron (ZVI), as a kind of reduced and cheap material, has been shown to provide electrons to the microorganisms in the anaerobic environment to improve the anaerobic reaction environment, thus promoting the biodegradation of organic compounds such as chlorinated organic compounds, nitro compounds and azo dyes. Therefore, the ZVI-anaerobic sludge combined system is used to treat the pig farm wastewater, so as to increase the organic matter removal effect and the methane yield in the anaerobic treatment section of the pig farm wastewater by adding the zero-valent iron, which is of great theoretical significance for exploring the new pig farm wastewater treatment technology. The main research results of this paper are as follows:1. The influence of the kinds of iron, the initial pH value and the iron dosage on the treatment effect of the ZVI-anaerobic sludge combined system is investigated by using the batch experiment. The results show that the removal rate of COD in the anaerobic system can be increased by 8.63% and 4.32%, respectively. The removal rate increased by 32.47% and 20.98%, and the final methane yield increased by 24.39% and 13.04%, and the strengthening effect of iron powder was better than that of the scrap iron. The results showed that when the initial pH value increased from 5 to 8, the COD removal rate and removal rate of the combined system increased from 76.83% and 14.52 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h) to 83.45% and 18.54 mg COD/ (gVSS. h), respectively. However, when the initial pH value is 6, the increase of the removal rate of COD is the most. The study of iron dosage showed that when the mass ratio of iron and sludge increased from 0 to 2.63, the removal rate and removal rate of COD in the system increased from 75.14% and 14.20 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h) to 90.64% and 19.81 mg COD/ (gVSS 路 h), respectively, and the yield of methane also increased from 3.02 mmol to 6.07 mmol. However, when the ratio of the iron-to-mud ratio is further increased to 5.26, the treatment performance of the combined system is decreased. Under the dosage of iron, the microbial cells were damaged and the metabolic activity decreased. In the aspect of iron strengthening, the ratio of iron to COD removal rate and the contribution rate of methane generation is the largest in the iron-mud ratio of 0.74. Therefore, the efficiency and economy of the combined system are more suitable than the range of 0.74-2.63, and the running performance of the ZVI-UASB combined system is explored by continuous flow experiment. The treatment effect of ZVI-UASB reactor on the wastewater of the pig farm was compared with the general UASB reactor without the ZVI, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the granular sludge in the reactor and the change of the morphology of the ZVI were compared. The results showed that, when the load was 20 g/ L 路 d-1, the removal rate of COD, the removal rate of phosphate and the gas yield of the reactor were increased by 8.5%, 27.8% and 50%, respectively, and the ability of the reactor to resist the load and the fluctuation of the pH value of the influent was enhanced. In addition, the addition of ZVI increased the total extracellular polymer content of the sludge by 53.24%, and the increase of protein content was higher than that of the polysaccharide. Compared with the granular sludge in the control group, the slime in the ZVI-anaerobic granular sludge is better in adhesion, the structure of the sludge granules is more compact, and the methane production activity is increased by 44%. With the operation of the reactor, the ZVI has a slow corrosion and dissolution of Fe2 +, and the Fe2 + concentration of the effluent gradually decreases from the original 9.02 mg/ L to 4.51 mg/ L. In addition, some ZVI can be wrapped by the sludge and participate in the sludge granulation process; some of the ZVI surface reactions generate Fe3 (PO4)2 and Fe304.3, and the effects of the addition of ZVI on the microbial community of the anaerobic reaction system are explored by using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that, in the ZVI-UASB reactor, the mcrA gene abundance associated with methane production is 1.36 times that of the control group (without the addition of ZVI), and the addition of the ZVI enhances the methane production capacity of the reactor. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the addition of ZVI increased the abundance of Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium in the reactor, while the abundance of the species in Miscellaneous _ Euryarchaeitic _ Group (MEG) and Euryarchaeita _ unclassified group was reduced. In the aspect of bacteria, the addition of ZVI increases the abundance of the metacolymonas, Syntrophos, Peltoomaculum, and the C. clostrium, the genus Ruminococcus and Treponema, while V2.1 _ Bac22 _ norank, Lutispora, There was a decrease in the abundance of the species of bacteria, such as Bacterororaceae _ unctuured. This indicates that the addition of ZVI has a selective effect on the microbial flora, and can be directed to enrich the specific microorganism to make it a dominant species.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X713
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