【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)坡面水系工程主要在節(jié)約工程量的考量下,把截水溝布置成平行于等高線的形式,但為了符合坡面自然排水狀況,該研究中考慮用匯流和分流的方式來探究從理論上改變坡面溝道的基本形狀是否具有可行性。該研究設計按比例縮小的坡-溝模型,以無措施坡面為對照,用人工模擬降雨的方法探究在不同坡度、地類坡面上布置匯流型和分流型截排水溝道后,坡面土壤微團聚體的流失變化規(guī)律。結果表明:在各個地類和坡度中,布置匯流和分流截排水措施后均出現(xiàn)較小顆粒微團聚體(5μm)在侵蝕泥沙中富集的現(xiàn)象;在坡耕地中,布設截排水措施能顯著穩(wěn)定土壤小粒徑微團聚體(5μm)比例的穩(wěn)定性,但分流截排水措施的效果更加明顯,但在5°和10°時,匯流截排水措施能更好減緩坡面土壤粗化(250~1 000μm)趨勢;匯流措施能減少林地侵蝕泥沙中微團聚體富集的波動性并控制林地坡面較小粒徑微團聚體流失(5μm)的程度,但在荒草地中,總體來看,匯流措施對控制坡面微團聚體流失具有更強的作用。匯流型和分流型截排水措施對不同地類坡面微團聚體的控制保護各有側重,在布設坡面溝道時,根據(jù)坡面、土壤實際情況和土壤保護要求來選擇坡面截排水措施是極有必要的。該研究為進一步研究坡面自然排水方式在現(xiàn)實中運用可能性和可行性提供部分基礎資料。
[Abstract]:Under the consideration of saving the amount of engineering, the traditional slope water system project arranges the cut-off ditch in a form parallel to the contours, but in order to meet the natural drainage conditions of the slope, In this study, confluence and shunt are considered to explore the feasibility of theoretically changing the basic shape of the slope channel. In this study, a slope-trench model with proportional reduction is designed, and the method of artificial rainfall simulation is used to explore the arrangement of confluence type and shunt cut-off drainage channel on different slope and land slope, compared with the non-measure slope, and the method of artificial simulation rainfall is used to explore the arrangement of confluence type and shunt cut-off drainage channel on different slope and land slope. The variation of microaggregates loss in slope soil. The results show that small particle microaggregates (5 渭 m) are enriched in eroded sediment after the arrangement of confluence and shunt drainage measures in each land type and slope. In sloping farmland, the distribution of cut-off drainage measures can significantly stabilize the stability of soil small particle size microaggregates (5 渭 m), but the effect of shunt cutting and drainage measures is more obvious, but at 5 擄and 10 擄, Confluence interception and drainage measures can better slow down the trend of soil coarsening (250 鈮，

本文編號：2492084