發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-02 21:55

【摘要】：西花薊馬Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是當(dāng)今對(duì)作物危害最嚴(yán)重的世界性害蟲(chóng)之一。具有個(gè)體小,隱藏性強(qiáng),食性雜,且有兩性生殖和孤雌生殖兩種生殖方式,繁殖能力強(qiáng)等生物學(xué)特性,除直接以銼吸式口器取食植物外還能傳播鳳仙壞死斑點(diǎn)病毒和番茄斑點(diǎn)萎焉病毒等多種病毒。本文研究了延遲交配、生物源殺蟲(chóng)劑乙基多殺菌素和印楝素亞致死濃度、溫度和花粉對(duì)其成蟲(chóng)壽命、繁殖力及生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響,同時(shí)探討了西花薊馬在不同生殖方式下其繁殖力的異同。通過(guò)本文研究,以期為西花薊馬的種群動(dòng)態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)和綜合防治提供一些基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。本文主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.延遲交配對(duì)西花薊馬成蟲(chóng)壽命及繁殖力的影響本文研究了延遲交配對(duì)西花薊馬雌雄成蟲(chóng)壽命、產(chǎn)卵量及子代性比的影響。結(jié)果表明西花薊馬在羽化0 h、24 h、48 h、96 h后交配其雌、雄成蟲(chóng)的壽命均不受延遲交配時(shí)間的影響,而產(chǎn)卵量與交配時(shí)間有關(guān),延遲交配24 h和48 h的產(chǎn)卵量高于0 h和96 h的,子代性比隨延遲交配時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)呈先升后降的趨勢(shì),以羽化24 h最高,為2.54:1,產(chǎn)卵前期隨著延遲交配時(shí)間的推遲逐漸延長(zhǎng)。2.二種生物源殺蟲(chóng)劑處理食物對(duì)西花薊馬生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及繁殖的亞致死效應(yīng)采用浸葉法確定了乙基多殺菌素和印楝素對(duì)西花薊馬二齡若蟲(chóng)的亞致死濃度(LC25),并研究了該濃度下二種生物源農(nóng)藥對(duì)西花薊馬生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和繁殖力的影響。結(jié)果表明:二種生物源農(nóng)藥亞致死濃度處理對(duì)西花薊馬有不同程度的影響,在兩性生殖方式下,乙基多殺菌素對(duì)西花薊馬產(chǎn)卵前期、雌成蟲(chóng)壽命和產(chǎn)卵量均無(wú)顯著影響,但雄成蟲(chóng)壽命顯著縮短,縮短了4.41 d;印楝素處理后,西花薊馬產(chǎn)卵量顯著降低,降低了21.86%,產(chǎn)卵前期明顯延長(zhǎng),延長(zhǎng)了1.27 d。在孤雌生殖方式下,不論乙基多殺菌素和印楝素處理,西花薊馬產(chǎn)卵前期均明顯延長(zhǎng),分別為2.60 d和2.95 d,但只有印楝素使雌成蟲(chóng)壽命縮短了19.30%和產(chǎn)卵量顯著降低,為24.65粒。二種生物源農(nóng)藥對(duì)西花薊馬次代各蟲(chóng)態(tài)的發(fā)育歷期影響不同,無(wú)論在何種生殖方式下,乙基多殺菌素處理后西花薊馬的未成熟期明顯短于印楝素處理的。乙基多殺菌素處理后西花薊馬的內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率(rm)、和周限增長(zhǎng)率(λ)均高于對(duì)照,分別為0.1402、1.1505,而印楝素較對(duì)照低,分別為0.1131、1.1197。以上結(jié)果說(shuō)明,乙基多殺菌素和印楝素對(duì)西花薊馬生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和繁殖影響與其生殖方式有關(guān),總體來(lái)說(shuō)乙基多殺菌素亞致死濃度對(duì)西花薊馬種群的增長(zhǎng)有一定的刺激作用,印楝素則具有一定的抑制作用。3.溫度對(duì)西花薊馬成蟲(chóng)壽命及繁殖力的影響在19~31℃溫度梯度處理下,在兩性生殖方式下,雄成蟲(chóng)壽命隨著溫度的升高明顯縮短,分別為14.70d、9.61d和8.11d,子代性比顯著增大,為0.94:1、1.57:1和2.25:1(雌:雄),25℃時(shí)產(chǎn)卵量最高,為93.22粒。在孤雌生殖方式下,31℃時(shí)產(chǎn)卵量最高,為76.10粒。無(wú)論在何種生殖方式下,產(chǎn)卵前期、雌蟲(chóng)壽命均以25℃時(shí)最短,在兩性生殖方式下分別為1.47d和5.68d,在孤雌生殖方式下分別為1.95d、14.73d。西花薊馬子代的未成熟期隨著溫度的升高明顯縮短。內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率(rm)和周限增長(zhǎng)率(λ)隨著溫度的升高而升高,內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率(rm)分別為0.0906、0.1800和0.1901,周限增長(zhǎng)率(λ)分別為1.0948、1.1972和1.2094;而平均世代周期和種群加倍時(shí)間隨溫度上升則降低。以上結(jié)果說(shuō)明溫度對(duì)西花薊馬繁殖力和生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響。4.不同生殖方式下的雄性對(duì)西花薊馬成蟲(chóng)壽命及繁殖力的影響本文研究了西花薊馬兩性生殖方式下的雌成蟲(chóng)分別與兩性生殖和孤雌生殖兩種生殖方式下產(chǎn)生的雄成蟲(chóng)交配后對(duì)成蟲(chóng)壽命及繁殖力的影響。結(jié)果表明兩性生殖方式下f1雌與兩性生殖方式f1雄交配后的產(chǎn)卵量為72.4粒,明顯高于兩性f1雌×孤雌f1雄處理;但不同來(lái)源的雄蟲(chóng)對(duì)其后代發(fā)育歷期均沒(méi)有顯著影響;兩性生殖f1雌×孤雌生殖f1雄處理子代性比明顯高于兩性生殖方式下f1雌×f1雄處理,為1.41:1(雌:雄)。對(duì)內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)力率(rm)在兩種雄性來(lái)源下沒(méi)有明顯的差異。以上結(jié)果說(shuō)明不同生殖方式下的雄蟲(chóng)對(duì)西花薊馬的種群增長(zhǎng)影響不大。5.不同嗜好性花粉對(duì)西花薊馬成蟲(chóng)壽命及繁殖力的影響本文研究了在菜豆葉片上添加松花粉和油菜花粉后,西花薊馬成蟲(chóng)壽命及繁殖力的異同。結(jié)果表明,在兩性生殖方式下在菜豆葉片上添加松花粉和油菜花粉后,對(duì)西花薊馬的產(chǎn)卵前期、雄成蟲(chóng)壽命沒(méi)有顯著影響,添加松花粉雌成蟲(chóng)壽命和對(duì)照相比明顯縮短,為15.68d,產(chǎn)卵量顯著增加,為93.22粒;兩種花粉子代性比均高于對(duì)照,分別為1.57:1和2.53:1。在孤雌生殖方式下添加油菜花粉產(chǎn)卵前期較對(duì)照顯著延長(zhǎng),延長(zhǎng)了2.7d,成蟲(chóng)壽命和產(chǎn)卵量較對(duì)照沒(méi)有顯著差異。無(wú)論在何種生殖方式下添加油菜花粉西花薊馬未成熟期均顯著延長(zhǎng),說(shuō)明油菜花粉延遲了西花薊馬若蟲(chóng)發(fā)育。取食兩種花粉凈增值率(r0)、內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率(rm)、周限增長(zhǎng)率(λ)均高于對(duì)照,取食油菜花粉分別為36.7987、0.1604和1.1740,松花粉分別為47.2246、0.1855和0.1208,平均世代周期(T)和種群加倍時(shí)間(t)明顯縮短,取食油菜花粉分別為22.4771和4.3214,取食松花粉分別為20.7759和3.7366。說(shuō)明添加松花粉和油菜花粉西花薊馬的種群數(shù)量相比對(duì)照具有不同程度的上升,尤其是松花粉對(duì)西花薊馬的促進(jìn)作用明顯。
[Abstract]:Perfume is one of the world's most serious worldwide pests. The invention has the biological characteristics of small individual, strong hiding property and edible impurity, and has the following biological characteristics of both hermaphroditism and parthenogenesis, strong reproductive capacity, and the like, and can also transmit various viruses such as Impatiens necrotic spot virus and tomato spot betel virus in addition to the feeding of the plant directly by the suction type mouth device. In this paper, the effects of delayed mating, biogenic insecticide on the life, fecundity and growth of the adult, and the difference of their reproductive capacity in different reproductive ways were also discussed. This paper studies to provide some basic data for the prediction of the population dynamics and the comprehensive prevention and control of the West-flower-bearing horse. The main results of this study are as follows:1. The effects of delayed mating on the life and fecundity of male and female adult male and female adults were studied in this paper. The results showed that the life of the female and male adults was not affected by the delayed mating time after the emergence of 0 h,24 h,48 h and 96 h, and the oviposition was related to the mating time, and the oviposition of the delayed mating 24 h and 48 h was higher than that of 0 h and 96 h. The offspring sex ratio decreased with the extension of the delayed mating time, with the highest emergence of 24 h, 2.54:1, and the delayed mating time was gradually prolonged in the early stage. The sublethal effect of the two kinds of biogenic insecticides on the growth and the propagation of the West-flower and the horse was determined by the method of leaf-dipping, and the sublethal concentration (LC25) of the two-instar-old rotifers was determined by the method of leaf-dipping. The effects of two kinds of bio-source pesticides on the growth and propagation of Cymbidium sibirica were also studied. The results showed that the sub-lethal concentration of the two kinds of biogenic pesticides had a different effect on the Western flower and the horse, and the life and the oviposition of the female adults had no significant effect on the preoviposition of the female adult, the life of the female and the amount of the oviposition, but the life of the male adult was significantly shortened. After the treatment, the oviposition of the western flower and the horse was significantly reduced, 21.86% was decreased, and the preoviposition was obviously prolonged and 1.27 d was prolonged. Under the condition of parthenogenesis, the oviposition of the western flower and the horse was obviously prolonged, 2.60 d and 2.95 d, respectively, the life of female adult was shortened by 19.30% and the amount of laying eggs was significantly reduced to 24.65 grains. The effects of the two kinds of biogenic pesticides on the developmental period of the three generations of the Cymbidium sibirica were different, no matter what kind of reproduction mode, the non-mature period of the western flower and the horse was obviously shorter than that of the printing. The intrinsic growth rate (rm) and the peripheral growth rate (%) were higher than that in the control group (0.1402, 1.1505, respectively). The results indicated that the effects of ethyl polybactericidal and imprintin on the growth and reproduction of the Western flower and the horse population were related to their reproductive mode. The effects of temperature on the life and fecundity of the adult male and female adults were under the temperature gradient of 19-31 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2491444