棉花秸稈還田對鹽堿地棉田土壤理化性質(zhì)和生物學(xué)特性的影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-01 20:14
【摘要】：本研究于2013年和2014年,在濱州市濱城區(qū)進(jìn)行,供試土壤為濱海鹽堿土。試驗通過設(shè)置棉花秸稈還田和未還田兩個處理,研究了棉花秸稈還田對鹽堿地棉田棉花各生育階段0~20、20~40和40~60cm土層的理化性質(zhì)和微生物特性的影響,并進(jìn)行了棉花生長發(fā)育狀況調(diào)查和產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的測定,旨在為鹽堿地棉田土壤的培肥和棉花秸稈還田的推廣應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.棉花秸稈還田對鹽堿地棉田土壤物理性質(zhì)的影響連續(xù)兩年棉花秸稈還田顯著提高了0~5、5~10和10~20cm土層的0.25mm大團(tuán)聚體的百分含量,顯著降低了0.25mm微團(tuán)聚體百分含量;一年秸稈還田顯著降低了0~20cm各土層容重,連續(xù)兩年秸稈還田顯著降低了0~30cm各土層容重;一年秸稈還田顯著提高了0~20cm各土層的通氣孔隙度,連續(xù)兩年提高了0~30cm各土層的通氣孔隙度,一年和連續(xù)兩年秸稈還田顯著提高了0~20cm各土層的總孔隙度,對各土層毛管孔隙度無顯著影響。一年和連續(xù)兩年秸稈還田顯著降低了大多數(shù)棉花生育階段0~60cm各土層的含水量。2.棉花秸稈還田對鹽堿地棉田土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)的影響一年和連續(xù)兩年棉花秸稈還田均顯著降低了0~20cm土層的總含鹽量和水溶性鈉離子含量,連續(xù)兩年秸稈還田后0~60cm各土層的pH顯著降低;一年和連續(xù)兩年棉花秸稈還田均顯著提高了0~20cm土層的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和堿解氮含量,并且兩年秸稈還田的影響明顯大于一年;一年秸稈還田對各土層速效磷含量無顯著影響,而連續(xù)兩年秸稈還田后顯著降低了0~20cm土層速效磷含量;提高了0~20cm土層水溶性鉀、交換性鉀和非交換性鉀的含量,對20~60cm土層無顯著影響,對0~60cm各土層礦物鉀含量均無顯著影響。3.棉花秸稈還田對鹽堿地棉田土壤生物學(xué)特性的影響一年和連續(xù)兩年棉花秸稈還田顯著提高了0~20cm土層細(xì)菌、放線菌數(shù)量,顯著降低了真菌數(shù)量,提高了0~20cm土層脲酶、蔗糖酶和過氧化氫酶的活性,0~20cm土層呼吸速率顯著提高。各項生物學(xué)特性指標(biāo)均表現(xiàn)為,連續(xù)兩年秸稈還田的影響明顯大于一年。在20~40cm和40~60cm土層中,處理間土壤各生物學(xué)特性均無顯著差異。4.棉花秸稈還田對鹽堿地棉田棉花生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量的影響一年棉花秸稈還田提高了棉花的單鈴重、單株鈴數(shù)和衣分,但未達(dá)顯著水平,最終顯著提高了棉花產(chǎn)量,籽棉產(chǎn)量和皮棉產(chǎn)量分別提高13.03%和16.44%;連續(xù)兩年棉花秸稈還田明顯改善了棉花的生長發(fā)育狀況,其中蕾期和初花期的果節(jié)數(shù)顯著高于未還田,對株高和果枝數(shù)有一定提高趨勢,顯著降低了最終的蕾鈴脫落率,提高了單鈴重、單株鈴數(shù)和產(chǎn)量,單鈴重提高0.43g,單株鈴數(shù)增加1.64個,籽棉產(chǎn)量和皮棉產(chǎn)量分別提高18.93%和19.82%,對衣分無顯著影響。一年秸稈還田對纖維品質(zhì)無顯著影響;連續(xù)兩年棉花秸稈還田顯著提高了棉纖維的馬克隆值,提高幅度為0.52,對纖維長度、強(qiáng)度和整齊度無顯著影響�？傊�,棉花秸稈還田有利于鹽堿地棉田土壤結(jié)構(gòu)的改善和肥力的提高,能增加棉花產(chǎn)量,并且隨著還田年限的延長,改良及增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)明顯提高。因此,棉花秸稈還田措施值得在濱海鹽堿地棉區(qū)大面積推廣應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:The study was conducted in Binzhou District of Binzhou in 2013 and 2014, and the test soil was coastal saline soil. The physical and chemical properties and the microbial characteristics of the cotton field in the cotton fields of the saline-alkali land were studied by setting up two treatments of the cotton straw returning to the field and the non-return field, and the research on the growth and development of the cotton and the determination of the yield quality were carried out. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of the soil of the cotton field in the saline-alkali land and the application of the cotton straw to the The main results are as follows:1. the effect of the cotton straw returning to the field on the physical property of the soil in the saline-alkali soil is obviously improved by 0-5,5-10 and 10-20cm, and the percentage content of the 0.25-mm large-aggregate in the soil layer of 0-5,5-10 and 10-20cm is obviously improved, the percentage content of the 0.25-mm micro-aggregate is obviously reduced, and the volume weight of each soil layer of 0-20cm is obviously reduced for one year, the continuous two-year straw returning to the field obviously reduces the volume weight of each soil layer of 0 to 30 cm; the air permeability of each soil layer of 0 to 20 cm is obviously improved for one year, the aeration porosity of each soil layer of 0 to 30 cm is improved for two years, and the total porosity of the soil layers of 0 to 20cm is obviously improved for one year and two consecutive years, And the capillary porosity of each soil layer has no significant influence. The straw returning to the field for one year and two years significantly reduced the water content of the soil layers of 0-60 cm in most cotton-bearing stages. The total salt content and the water-soluble sodium ion content of 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly reduced by the cotton straw returning to the soil chemical properties of the cotton field in the saline-alkali soil for one year and two years, and the pH of each soil layer of 0-60 cm after the two-year straw returning field was significantly reduced. the total organic matter content and the alkaline solution nitrogen content of the 0-20 cm soil layer are obviously improved for one year and two consecutive years, and the effect of the two-year straw returning to the field is obviously greater than one year; and the quick-acting phosphorus content of each soil layer has no significant influence on each soil layer in one year, And the content of the water-soluble potassium, the exchange potassium and the non-exchangeable potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layer is improved, and the content of the water-soluble potassium, the exchange potassium and the non-exchangeable potassium in the soil layer of 0-20cm is improved, and the content of the mineral potassium in each soil layer of 0-60 cm has no significant influence on the content of the mineral potassium in the 0-60 cm soil layer. the effect of the cotton straw returning to the soil biological property of the saline-alkali soil cotton field is greatly improved, the number of the bacteria and the actinomycetes in the 0-20cm soil layer is obviously improved, the number of the actinomycetes is obviously reduced, the activity of the enzyme, the sucrose enzyme and the catalase in the soil layer of 0 to 20 cm is improved, The respiration rate of the 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly improved. The biological characteristic indexes all show that the effect of the continuous two-year straw returning to the field is obviously greater than one year. There was no significant difference in the biological characteristics of the soil between 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil. The effect of cotton straw returning to field on the growth and yield of cotton in the saline-alkali land was one year, and the single boll weight, the number of boll and the size of the cotton in the cotton field were increased, but the cotton yield, seed cotton yield and lint yield were increased by 13.03% and 16.44% respectively. in that continuous two-year cotton straw return to the field, the growth and development condition of the cotton is obviously improved, the fruit rate of the bud stage and the early flowering stage is obviously higher than that of the unfurther field, the yield of the plant height and the fruit branch is improved, the final bud loss rate is obviously reduced, the weight of the single boll, the number of bolls and the yield of the single plant are improved, The weight of single boll was increased by 0.43 g, the number of boll was increased by 1.64, and the yield of seed cotton and lint yield were increased by 18.93% and 19.82%, respectively. A year of straw returning to the field has no significant effect on the fiber quality; the cotton straw returning to the field of the continuous two-year cotton field obviously improves the horse cloning value of the cotton fiber and improves the amplitude to be 0.52, and has no significant influence on the fiber length, the strength and the order degree. In conclusion, the cotton straw returning to the field is beneficial to the improvement of the soil structure and the improvement of the fertility of the cotton field in the saline-alkali land, and the yield of the cotton can be increased, and the effect of improving and increasing the yield is obviously improved with the extension of the field of returning to the field. Therefore, the cotton straw returning measures are worth spreading in the cotton area of the coastal saline-alkali land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4
本文編號：2490551
[Abstract]:The study was conducted in Binzhou District of Binzhou in 2013 and 2014, and the test soil was coastal saline soil. The physical and chemical properties and the microbial characteristics of the cotton field in the cotton fields of the saline-alkali land were studied by setting up two treatments of the cotton straw returning to the field and the non-return field, and the research on the growth and development of the cotton and the determination of the yield quality were carried out. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of the soil of the cotton field in the saline-alkali land and the application of the cotton straw to the The main results are as follows:1. the effect of the cotton straw returning to the field on the physical property of the soil in the saline-alkali soil is obviously improved by 0-5,5-10 and 10-20cm, and the percentage content of the 0.25-mm large-aggregate in the soil layer of 0-5,5-10 and 10-20cm is obviously improved, the percentage content of the 0.25-mm micro-aggregate is obviously reduced, and the volume weight of each soil layer of 0-20cm is obviously reduced for one year, the continuous two-year straw returning to the field obviously reduces the volume weight of each soil layer of 0 to 30 cm; the air permeability of each soil layer of 0 to 20 cm is obviously improved for one year, the aeration porosity of each soil layer of 0 to 30 cm is improved for two years, and the total porosity of the soil layers of 0 to 20cm is obviously improved for one year and two consecutive years, And the capillary porosity of each soil layer has no significant influence. The straw returning to the field for one year and two years significantly reduced the water content of the soil layers of 0-60 cm in most cotton-bearing stages. The total salt content and the water-soluble sodium ion content of 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly reduced by the cotton straw returning to the soil chemical properties of the cotton field in the saline-alkali soil for one year and two years, and the pH of each soil layer of 0-60 cm after the two-year straw returning field was significantly reduced. the total organic matter content and the alkaline solution nitrogen content of the 0-20 cm soil layer are obviously improved for one year and two consecutive years, and the effect of the two-year straw returning to the field is obviously greater than one year; and the quick-acting phosphorus content of each soil layer has no significant influence on each soil layer in one year, And the content of the water-soluble potassium, the exchange potassium and the non-exchangeable potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layer is improved, and the content of the water-soluble potassium, the exchange potassium and the non-exchangeable potassium in the soil layer of 0-20cm is improved, and the content of the mineral potassium in each soil layer of 0-60 cm has no significant influence on the content of the mineral potassium in the 0-60 cm soil layer. the effect of the cotton straw returning to the soil biological property of the saline-alkali soil cotton field is greatly improved, the number of the bacteria and the actinomycetes in the 0-20cm soil layer is obviously improved, the number of the actinomycetes is obviously reduced, the activity of the enzyme, the sucrose enzyme and the catalase in the soil layer of 0 to 20 cm is improved, The respiration rate of the 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly improved. The biological characteristic indexes all show that the effect of the continuous two-year straw returning to the field is obviously greater than one year. There was no significant difference in the biological characteristics of the soil between 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil. The effect of cotton straw returning to field on the growth and yield of cotton in the saline-alkali land was one year, and the single boll weight, the number of boll and the size of the cotton in the cotton field were increased, but the cotton yield, seed cotton yield and lint yield were increased by 13.03% and 16.44% respectively. in that continuous two-year cotton straw return to the field, the growth and development condition of the cotton is obviously improved, the fruit rate of the bud stage and the early flowering stage is obviously higher than that of the unfurther field, the yield of the plant height and the fruit branch is improved, the final bud loss rate is obviously reduced, the weight of the single boll, the number of bolls and the yield of the single plant are improved, The weight of single boll was increased by 0.43 g, the number of boll was increased by 1.64, and the yield of seed cotton and lint yield were increased by 18.93% and 19.82%, respectively. A year of straw returning to the field has no significant effect on the fiber quality; the cotton straw returning to the field of the continuous two-year cotton field obviously improves the horse cloning value of the cotton fiber and improves the amplitude to be 0.52, and has no significant influence on the fiber length, the strength and the order degree. In conclusion, the cotton straw returning to the field is beneficial to the improvement of the soil structure and the improvement of the fertility of the cotton field in the saline-alkali land, and the yield of the cotton can be increased, and the effect of improving and increasing the yield is obviously improved with the extension of the field of returning to the field. Therefore, the cotton straw returning measures are worth spreading in the cotton area of the coastal saline-alkali land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4
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