基于奶牛專業(yè)合作社調(diào)查分析的秸稈循環(huán)模式對系統(tǒng)能值效率的影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-24 01:45
【摘要】：試驗于2012年至2014年在山東省德州市平原縣進(jìn)行,對平原縣奶牛專業(yè)合作社情況調(diào)查研究,探討了奶牛業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系,進(jìn)而比較了玉米帶穗和去穗日糧對奶牛生產(chǎn)性能和物質(zhì)能量利用的影響,得出有利于奶牛業(yè)發(fā)展的秸稈利用方式,并進(jìn)一步通過對秸稈不同利用方式探討了其對不同農(nóng)業(yè)循環(huán)模式的能值效率和可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力的影響。1.平原縣畜牧專業(yè)合作社的調(diào)查分析本論文以平原縣為例,通過系統(tǒng)整理國內(nèi)外關(guān)于畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社發(fā)展的研究成果,并進(jìn)行實(shí)際調(diào)查,通過優(yōu)先序分析,對當(dāng)前平原縣奶牛專業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社運(yùn)營過程進(jìn)行較為詳細(xì)的分析,同時對平原縣奶牛專業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進(jìn)行總結(jié),特別是對于其發(fā)展過程中有益經(jīng)驗的總結(jié),以更好地把握奶牛專業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社的制度性質(zhì)和發(fā)展趨勢,建立一個適合山東省情況的奶牛專業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社發(fā)展的制度框架,為已經(jīng)投入運(yùn)營的奶牛專業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社以及正在建設(shè)中的奶牛專業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社提供有針對性的指導(dǎo),為有關(guān)的管理和監(jiān)督部門制定相關(guān)政策提供理論和實(shí)踐依據(jù),對目前奶牛養(yǎng)殖專業(yè)合作社的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、管理方式以及未來奶牛專業(yè)合作社需要改善的方面提出了對策分析,探討逐步建立并完善山東省奶牛合作社奶牛業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系的新方式,為如何加快奶牛業(yè)集約化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程提供借鑒,從而為山東省奶牛專業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展提供對策。2.不同玉米日糧對奶牛生產(chǎn)性能和物質(zhì)能量利用的影響奶牛飼喂試驗選用20頭體重為550±30kg,泌乳日齡為130±9d,頭胎、健康的新西蘭荷斯坦奶牛,隨機(jī)分為兩組,分別飼喂帶穗玉米日糧和去穗玉米日糧,預(yù)飼期7天,正試期30天,分別測定飼料和牛糞中粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纖維(CF)、鈣(Ca)、磷(P)、鉀(K)的含量,記錄奶牛產(chǎn)奶量,測定牛奶的酸度、乳蛋白(CP)、乳脂(EE)、乳糖(WSC)的含量。本試驗以去穗和帶穗兩種玉米混合日糧對牛奶產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)及奶牛養(yǎng)分表觀消化率的影響為研究方向,通過比較帶穗玉米日糧和去穗玉米日糧對奶牛生產(chǎn)性能和物質(zhì)能量利用的影響,明確飼養(yǎng)亞系統(tǒng)中的物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動情況,為合理的秸稈飼料化方式提供支撐。飼喂帶穗玉米日糧的奶牛比飼喂去穗玉米日糧的奶牛飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率高2.08%、產(chǎn)奶量提高了15%,乳蛋白提高了8.16%(P0.05),乳脂率提高了12.02%(P0.05),乳糖提高了2.89%(P0.05)。通過“輸入-輸出分析法”對飼養(yǎng)亞系統(tǒng)中能量流動進(jìn)行了計算,得出飼養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)中飼喂帶穗玉米日糧的奶牛能量的產(chǎn)投比為0.55,高于飼喂去穗玉米日糧的奶牛的0.51。在此飼養(yǎng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,帶穗玉米日糧飼喂奶牛產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益均優(yōu)于用去穗玉米日糧,因此,應(yīng)適度加大帶穗玉米的飼喂量代替去穗玉米日糧,大力發(fā)展帶穗玉米秸稈飼料化技術(shù)。3.不同秸稈循環(huán)方式對土壤肥力、作物產(chǎn)量以及能值效率的影響本研究以小麥玉米兩熟農(nóng)田、奶牛飼養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)和沼氣發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)為研究對象,以常規(guī)施肥對照模式(CK),設(shè)置玉米秸稈粉碎還田的農(nóng)田循環(huán)模式、沼液還田的農(nóng)沼循環(huán)模式和有機(jī)肥還田的農(nóng)牧循環(huán)模式3種循環(huán)模式,分析了不同秸稈還田處理方式對小麥玉米兩熟農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤肥力、作物產(chǎn)量影響,用能值方法比較4種循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的能值效率和可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。4種處理土壤全氮和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量跟處理前相比均有所增加,有機(jī)肥還田的增加最為明顯,分別增加了48.24%和12.38%。土壤全氮和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量表現(xiàn)為:有機(jī)肥還田秸稈粉碎還田沼液還田常規(guī)施肥,處理間差異顯著(P0.05)。小麥產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)為:有機(jī)肥還田沼液還田秸稈粉碎還田常規(guī)施肥,處理間差異顯著(P0.05)。玉米產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)為:有機(jī)肥還田秸稈粉碎還田沼液還田常規(guī)施肥,處理間差異顯著(P0.05)。4種模式的凈能值產(chǎn)出率(EYR)都大于1,農(nóng)田、農(nóng)沼和農(nóng)牧循環(huán)模式的EYR分別是對照模式的1.13倍、54.22%和50.2%,農(nóng)田、農(nóng)沼和農(nóng)牧循環(huán)模式的能值投資率(EIR)分別是對照模式的80.88%、4.25倍和5.85倍,農(nóng)田、農(nóng)沼和農(nóng)牧循環(huán)模式的環(huán)境負(fù)載率(ELR)分別是對照模式的78.95%、3.71倍和1.76倍,農(nóng)田循環(huán)模式對環(huán)境的壓力最小,農(nóng)沼循環(huán)模式對環(huán)境的壓力較大,4種模式的ELR都在可接受范圍內(nèi)。農(nóng)牧循環(huán)模式的產(chǎn)品安全性指標(biāo)(EIPS)為-0.015,最接近于0,其產(chǎn)品安全性最高,而對照模式的產(chǎn)品存在一定的安全隱患。種植模式中農(nóng)田循環(huán)模式可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力優(yōu)于對照模式,復(fù)合循環(huán)模式中農(nóng)牧循環(huán)模式要優(yōu)于農(nóng)沼循環(huán)模式。綜上所述,農(nóng)牧循環(huán)模式的發(fā)展?jié)摿ψ畲?是最適合本地區(qū)的秸稈利用循環(huán)模式。
[Abstract]:The experiment was carried out in Pingyuan County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, from 2012 to 2014, and the investigation and study on the situation of dairy cattle in Pingyuan County were carried out, and the production system of dairy cattle industry was discussed, and the effects of the grain on the production performance and energy utilization of the dairy cows were compared. The method of straw utilization in favor of the development of dairy cattle industry is obtained, and the effect of the different utilization methods of the straw on the energy efficiency and the sustainable development ability of different agricultural circulation modes is also discussed. This paper, taking Pingyuan County as an example, takes Pingyuan County as an example, and through systematic arrangement of the research results on the development of animal husbandry production cooperative at home and abroad, and carries on the actual investigation, through the priority order analysis, The paper makes a detailed analysis of the operation process of the dairy production cooperative in the current Pingyuan County, and summarizes the development of the professional production cooperative of the dairy cows in Pingyuan County, especially the summary of the beneficial experience in the development of the dairy cattle in Pingyuan County, In order to better grasp the system nature and development trend of the dairy production co-operatives, a system framework for the development of the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows in Shandong is established. In order to provide relevant guidance to the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows which have been put into operation and the professional production cooperatives of the dairy cows in construction, to provide theoretical and practical basis for the development of relevant policies for the relevant management and supervision departments, and the current situation of the development of the current dairy cattle breeding professional cooperative, In order to speed up the intensification, industrialization and modernization of the dairy cattle industry, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for the improvement of the management mode and the future dairy professional cooperative, and probes into the new way to establish and perfect the dairy production system of the dairy cattle cooperative in Shandong, and to provide reference for how to speed up the intensification, industrialization and modernization of the dairy cattle industry. So as to provide the countermeasures for the modernization development of the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows in Shandong Province. The effects of different corn diets on the production performance and energy utilization of the dairy cows were selected as the 20-head weight of 550-30kg, the lactation-day of 130-9d, the head-fetus and the healthy New Zealand Holstein dairy cattle, which were randomly divided into two groups. The content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the feed and the cow dung, the content of the crude fat (EE), the crude fiber (CF), the calcium (Ca), the phosphorus (P) and the potassium (K) in the feed and the cow dung, the milk yield, the acidity of the milk, the milk protein (CP), the milk fat (EE), The content of lactose (WSC). The effects of the two kinds of corn mixed diets on the yield and quality of the milk and the apparent digestibility of the nutrients in the dairy cows were studied in this experiment, and the effects of the dietary and ear-heading corn diets on the production performance and the energy utilization of the dairy cows were compared. And the material circulation and energy flow conditions in the feeding sub-system are clearly defined, and the support is provided for a reasonable straw feeding mode. The feed conversion rate was 2.08%, the milk yield was increased by 15%, the milk protein was increased by 8.16% (P0.05), the milk fat rate was increased by 12.02% (P0.05), and the lactose increased by 2.89% (P0.05). The energy flow in the feeding system was calculated by the "input-output analysis", and the yield ratio of the energy of the dairy cows fed with the corn was 0.55, which was higher than that of the dairy cows fed to the ear-ear corn. In this system, the ecological and economic benefit of the feeding of the corn with the ear of the ear is better than that of the corn for the ear. Therefore, the feeding amount of the corn with the ear of the ear should be appropriately increased instead of the corn of the ear, and the feed technology of the corn with the ear can be vigorously developed. The effects of different straw recycling methods on soil fertility, crop yield and energy efficiency were studied. the soil fertility and the crop yield of the wheat-corn two-cooked farmland ecosystem are analyzed by the three-cycle mode of the farming-pastoral cycle mode of the biogas slurry returning to the field and the farming-pastoral cycle mode of the organic fertilizer returning to the field, The energy value efficiency and the sustainable development ability of the four cycle systems were compared by the energy value method. The total nitrogen and the organic matter content of the four kinds of treatment soil increased, and the increase of the organic fertilizer returned to the field was the most obvious, which increased by 48.24% and 12.38%, respectively. The total nitrogen and organic matter content of the soil showed that the organic fertilizer returned to the field and returned to the field and the biogas slurry returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The yield of the wheat was as follows: the organic fertilizer returned to the field and the straw was crushed and returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The yield of the corn was as follows: the organic fertilizer returned to the field and returned to the field and the biogas slurry returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The net energy yield (EYR) of the four modes was more than 1, and the EYR of the farmland, the agricultural and the agro-pastoral cycle was 1.13 times, 54.22% and 50.2% of the control mode, respectively, and the farmland, The energy-value investment rate (EIR) of the agricultural and pastoral cycle modes is 80.88%, 4.25 and 5.85 times of the control mode, respectively. The environmental loading rate (ELR) of the farmland, the agricultural and pastoral cycle modes is 78.95%, 3.71-fold and 1.76-fold, respectively, and the pressure of the environment is the least. The circulation model of the marsh gas has a great pressure on the environment, and the ELR of the four modes is within the acceptable range. The product safety index (EIPS) of the agro-pastoral cycle model is-0.015, most close to 0, the product safety is the highest, and the product of the control mode has certain potential safety hazard. The sustainable development ability of the farmland circulation mode in the planting mode is superior to that of the control mode, and the farming-pastoral cycle mode in the composite cycle mode is better than the farming-marsh cycle mode. In conclusion, the development potential of the agro-pastoral cycle model is the most suitable for the straw utilization cycle mode in the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S181
[Abstract]:The experiment was carried out in Pingyuan County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, from 2012 to 2014, and the investigation and study on the situation of dairy cattle in Pingyuan County were carried out, and the production system of dairy cattle industry was discussed, and the effects of the grain on the production performance and energy utilization of the dairy cows were compared. The method of straw utilization in favor of the development of dairy cattle industry is obtained, and the effect of the different utilization methods of the straw on the energy efficiency and the sustainable development ability of different agricultural circulation modes is also discussed. This paper, taking Pingyuan County as an example, takes Pingyuan County as an example, and through systematic arrangement of the research results on the development of animal husbandry production cooperative at home and abroad, and carries on the actual investigation, through the priority order analysis, The paper makes a detailed analysis of the operation process of the dairy production cooperative in the current Pingyuan County, and summarizes the development of the professional production cooperative of the dairy cows in Pingyuan County, especially the summary of the beneficial experience in the development of the dairy cattle in Pingyuan County, In order to better grasp the system nature and development trend of the dairy production co-operatives, a system framework for the development of the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows in Shandong is established. In order to provide relevant guidance to the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows which have been put into operation and the professional production cooperatives of the dairy cows in construction, to provide theoretical and practical basis for the development of relevant policies for the relevant management and supervision departments, and the current situation of the development of the current dairy cattle breeding professional cooperative, In order to speed up the intensification, industrialization and modernization of the dairy cattle industry, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for the improvement of the management mode and the future dairy professional cooperative, and probes into the new way to establish and perfect the dairy production system of the dairy cattle cooperative in Shandong, and to provide reference for how to speed up the intensification, industrialization and modernization of the dairy cattle industry. So as to provide the countermeasures for the modernization development of the professional production cooperatives of dairy cows in Shandong Province. The effects of different corn diets on the production performance and energy utilization of the dairy cows were selected as the 20-head weight of 550-30kg, the lactation-day of 130-9d, the head-fetus and the healthy New Zealand Holstein dairy cattle, which were randomly divided into two groups. The content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the feed and the cow dung, the content of the crude fat (EE), the crude fiber (CF), the calcium (Ca), the phosphorus (P) and the potassium (K) in the feed and the cow dung, the milk yield, the acidity of the milk, the milk protein (CP), the milk fat (EE), The content of lactose (WSC). The effects of the two kinds of corn mixed diets on the yield and quality of the milk and the apparent digestibility of the nutrients in the dairy cows were studied in this experiment, and the effects of the dietary and ear-heading corn diets on the production performance and the energy utilization of the dairy cows were compared. And the material circulation and energy flow conditions in the feeding sub-system are clearly defined, and the support is provided for a reasonable straw feeding mode. The feed conversion rate was 2.08%, the milk yield was increased by 15%, the milk protein was increased by 8.16% (P0.05), the milk fat rate was increased by 12.02% (P0.05), and the lactose increased by 2.89% (P0.05). The energy flow in the feeding system was calculated by the "input-output analysis", and the yield ratio of the energy of the dairy cows fed with the corn was 0.55, which was higher than that of the dairy cows fed to the ear-ear corn. In this system, the ecological and economic benefit of the feeding of the corn with the ear of the ear is better than that of the corn for the ear. Therefore, the feeding amount of the corn with the ear of the ear should be appropriately increased instead of the corn of the ear, and the feed technology of the corn with the ear can be vigorously developed. The effects of different straw recycling methods on soil fertility, crop yield and energy efficiency were studied. the soil fertility and the crop yield of the wheat-corn two-cooked farmland ecosystem are analyzed by the three-cycle mode of the farming-pastoral cycle mode of the biogas slurry returning to the field and the farming-pastoral cycle mode of the organic fertilizer returning to the field, The energy value efficiency and the sustainable development ability of the four cycle systems were compared by the energy value method. The total nitrogen and the organic matter content of the four kinds of treatment soil increased, and the increase of the organic fertilizer returned to the field was the most obvious, which increased by 48.24% and 12.38%, respectively. The total nitrogen and organic matter content of the soil showed that the organic fertilizer returned to the field and returned to the field and the biogas slurry returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The yield of the wheat was as follows: the organic fertilizer returned to the field and the straw was crushed and returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The yield of the corn was as follows: the organic fertilizer returned to the field and returned to the field and the biogas slurry returned to the field, and the difference between the treatments was significant (P0.05). The net energy yield (EYR) of the four modes was more than 1, and the EYR of the farmland, the agricultural and the agro-pastoral cycle was 1.13 times, 54.22% and 50.2% of the control mode, respectively, and the farmland, The energy-value investment rate (EIR) of the agricultural and pastoral cycle modes is 80.88%, 4.25 and 5.85 times of the control mode, respectively. The environmental loading rate (ELR) of the farmland, the agricultural and pastoral cycle modes is 78.95%, 3.71-fold and 1.76-fold, respectively, and the pressure of the environment is the least. The circulation model of the marsh gas has a great pressure on the environment, and the ELR of the four modes is within the acceptable range. The product safety index (EIPS) of the agro-pastoral cycle model is-0.015, most close to 0, the product safety is the highest, and the product of the control mode has certain potential safety hazard. The sustainable development ability of the farmland circulation mode in the planting mode is superior to that of the control mode, and the farming-pastoral cycle mode in the composite cycle mode is better than the farming-marsh cycle mode. In conclusion, the development potential of the agro-pastoral cycle model is the most suitable for the straw utilization cycle mode in the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S181
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條
1 楊邦杰;發(fā)展以畜牧業(yè)為核心的農(nóng)業(yè)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)[J];北京觀察;2005年04期
2 劉學(xué)敏;郝春;安曉s，
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