【摘要】：稻秸稈是一種重要的農(nóng)業(yè)資源,可用于畜禽飼料、造紙?jiān)�、建筑材料、生物質(zhì)能源及有機(jī)肥等。近年來(lái)稻秸稈的利用主要采用機(jī)械還田,但功率消耗大,機(jī)具纏草、壅泥嚴(yán)重,作業(yè)效果差,嚴(yán)重影響稻秸稈的資源利用。本研究在收集整理大量文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,介紹了目前國(guó)內(nèi)外秸稈切碎裝置現(xiàn)狀,分析了各種裝置的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及局限性,探討了稻秸稈切碎還田方式及其作業(yè)機(jī)具的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。針對(duì)中國(guó)南方稻田留茬高,土壤黏重板結(jié),稻田油菜栽種復(fù)式作業(yè)機(jī)耕整地作業(yè)部件易纏草、壅泥,影響成廂起壟裝置作業(yè)質(zhì)量和油菜出苗率的難題,提出了將田間稻秸稈收集切碎并繞過(guò)耕作部件后均勻覆蓋于播種行行間的油菜覆草直播種植方法,設(shè)計(jì)了一種多功能油菜覆草直播播種機(jī),為實(shí)現(xiàn)多功能油菜覆草直播播種機(jī)將稻秸稈均勻切碎還田的工作工序,設(shè)計(jì)了一種動(dòng)刀、定刀及風(fēng)送葉片同軸安裝的稻秸稈切碎裝置；對(duì)裝置的機(jī)架部件進(jìn)行了靜力學(xué)有限元分析,優(yōu)化了機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),對(duì)機(jī)架進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)模態(tài)分析,避免工作過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生共振：運(yùn)用Design-Expert數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件,試驗(yàn)研究了稻秸稈“站稈”和“殘茬”的切碎作業(yè)的多因素二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),通過(guò)對(duì)模型的方差分析和二次回歸模型擬合,得到了稻秸稈切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率、功率損耗對(duì)3個(gè)自變量影響因素的二次多元回歸方程,得到了3個(gè)自變量影響因素對(duì)切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率、功率損耗的顯著性順序從大到小依次為動(dòng)刀轉(zhuǎn)軸轉(zhuǎn)速、動(dòng)定刀間隙、喂入壓輥轉(zhuǎn)速；應(yīng)用響應(yīng)曲面法分析了該3個(gè)因素對(duì)稻秸稈“站稈”和“殘茬”切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率、功率損耗的影響規(guī)律,得到了裝置對(duì)“站稈”和“殘茬”切碎時(shí)的最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合分別為：喂入壓輥轉(zhuǎn)速399.2 r/min,401.64 r/min;動(dòng)刀轉(zhuǎn)軸轉(zhuǎn)速968.12 r/min,977.23 r/min;動(dòng)定刀間隙0.52 mm,0.49 mm;此時(shí)的切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率軟件預(yù)測(cè)值為95.89%,97.09%;功率損耗軟件預(yù)測(cè)值為3.04 kW,2.60 kW。并進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)得出了“站稈”和“殘茬”切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率實(shí)際試驗(yàn)值與軟件預(yù)測(cè)值的差值分別為0.11%,0.11%；功率損耗的差值分別為0.05 kW,0.08 kW;實(shí)際試驗(yàn)值與軟件預(yù)測(cè)值基本相符。且符合小于150mm稻秸稈平均切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率大于90%的稻秸稈還田農(nóng)藝要求。最后,依據(jù)動(dòng)刀轉(zhuǎn)軸轉(zhuǎn)速越高、動(dòng)定刀間隙越小則稻秸稈切碎合格長(zhǎng)度率越高的理論分析結(jié)論,綜合田間稻秸稈的存在形態(tài),設(shè)計(jì)該稻秸稈切碎裝置的喂入壓輥轉(zhuǎn)速為401.64 r/min,動(dòng)刀轉(zhuǎn)軸轉(zhuǎn)速為977.23 r/min,動(dòng)定刀間隙為0.49mm。該研究為多功能油菜覆草直播播種機(jī)的產(chǎn)業(yè)化提供了技術(shù)參考。
[Abstract]:Rice straw is an important agricultural resource, which can be used in livestock feed, papermaking raw materials, building materials, biomass energy and organic fertilizer. In recent years, the utilization of rice straw is mainly mechanical return to the field, but the power consumption is large, the machine is entangled with grass, the mud is serious, and the operation effect is poor, which seriously affects the utilization of rice straw resources. On the basis of collecting and sorting out a large number of literatures, this paper introduces the present situation of straw shredding devices at home and abroad, analyzes the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of various devices, and probes into the development trend of rice straw shredding and returning equipment. In view of the problems of high stubble, heavy soil bonding and consolidation, easy to wrap grass and mud, which affect the quality of box ridging device and the emergence rate of rapeseed, the rice rape planting machine ploughing parts are easy to wrap grass and mud, which affects the quality of box ridging device and the emergence rate of rapeseed. A direct seeding planting method of rapeseed covered with grass was put forward, in which the field rice straw was collected and shredded and bypassed the cultivated parts and evenly covered between sowing lines, and a multifunctional direct seeding machine for rapeseed was designed. In order to realize the working procedure of uniform shredding and returning rice straw to the field by multifunctional rape grass mulching direct seeding machine, a kind of rice straw shredding device was designed, which was installed coaxial with moving knife, fixed knife and wind feed blade. The statics finite element analysis of the frame parts of the device is carried out, the structural parameters of the frame are optimized, and the dynamic modal analysis of the frame is carried out to avoid resonance in the working process. Design-Expert data analysis software is used. The multi-factor quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test of cutting rice straw "station stalk" and "residual stubble" was studied. Through the variance analysis of the model and the fitting of quadratic regression model, the qualified rate of rice straw shredding length was obtained. The quadratic multiple regression equation of the influence of power loss on three independent variables is obtained, and the qualified rate of three independent variable influencing factors on shredding length is obtained. The order of power loss from large to small is the rotating speed of the rotating shaft of the moving tool and the clearance of the moving cutter. Feed roller speed; The effects of these three factors on the qualified rate and power loss of "station stalk" and "residual stubble" shredding length of rice straw were analyzed by response surface method. The optimal combination of parameters for shredding "station culm" and "stubble" is obtained as follows: feeding roller speed 399.2 r min, 401.64 r min; The rotating speed of the rotating shaft of the moving tool is 968.12 r / min, 977.23 r / min, and the qualified rate of the shredding length of the cutting length is 95.89% and 97.09% at the time of 0.52 mm,0.49 mm; of the moving knife clearance, and the qualified rate of the cutting length is 95.89% and 97.09% respectively. The predicted value of power loss software is 3.04 kW,2.60 kW.. The difference between the qualified rate of "station culm" and "residual stubble" shredding length and the predicted value of software is 0.11% and 0.11%, respectively, and the difference between the qualified rate of shredding length and the predicted value of software is 0.11% and 0.11%, respectively. The difference of power loss is 0.05 kW,0.08 kW;. The actual test value is in good agreement with the predicted value of the software. The qualified rate of rice straw is more than 90%, which meets the agronomic requirements of rice straw returning to the field, which is less than 90% of the average shredding length of 150mm rice straw. Finally, according to the theoretical analysis conclusion that the higher the rotating speed of the rotating shaft and the smaller the clearance of the moving knife, the higher the qualified length rate of rice straw shredding, the existing form of rice straw in the field is synthesized. The rotating speed of the feeding roller, the rotating speed of the rotating shaft and the clearance of the moving cutter are 401.64 r / min, 977.23 r / min and 0.49 mm, respectively. This study provides a technical reference for the industrialization of multifunctional direct seeding machine covered with grass.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S224.29

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