【摘要】：畜禽糞便的處理和利用,受經(jīng)濟(jì)和能源條件的限制,尤其在環(huán)境保護(hù)的要求日益嚴(yán)格的情況下,是規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場所面臨的共同難題。堆肥技術(shù)作為一種安全、有效、經(jīng)濟(jì)的處置方法,能夠殺滅牛糞中的病原微生物使其達(dá)到穩(wěn)定化、無害化,然后可回用作為牛床墊料,多余部分進(jìn)行深度發(fā)酵,待進(jìn)一步完成腐化和礦化后又可以用做有機(jī)肥施用于周邊農(nóng)田實(shí)現(xiàn)資源化利用。在國內(nèi)已引進(jìn)的先進(jìn)糞污處理工藝中,堆肥發(fā)酵是最重要的一環(huán)。內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)冬季氣溫低且持續(xù)時間長,牛糞難以快速起溫,導(dǎo)致纖維素降解緩慢,影響堆肥進(jìn)程和發(fā)酵周期,因此篩選高效纖維素降解菌并以此為基礎(chǔ)研制低溫復(fù)合發(fā)酵劑尤為必要。本實(shí)驗從伊利牧場采用牛糞固液分離后,對固體物進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場大型條垛式堆肥試驗。并采集堆肥Od、3d、4d、7d、14d、21d、28d的樣品測定溫度、水分、pH、種子發(fā)芽指數(shù)(GI)、大腸桿菌數(shù)、金黃色葡萄球菌數(shù)、沙門氏菌數(shù)。結(jié)果表明：采用國標(biāo)法在堆肥4d后已檢測不到三種致病菌；隨著堆肥時間的延長,溫度會先升后降,水分含量會逐漸降低,GI值會逐漸升高,pH在8.03-8.90范圍內(nèi)上下波動。取堆肥的0d、3d、4d樣品,混合后經(jīng)過富集,在羧甲基纖維素培養(yǎng)基上分離純化,再通過剛果紅染色法和溫度調(diào)控從牛糞中篩選出6株酶活力較高的低溫纖維素降解菌。將酶活力較高的菌株進(jìn)一步拮抗試驗,篩選出4株無相互拮抗作用的菌株,其中細(xì)菌2株,放線菌1株,真菌1株。將這四種菌混合后成為低溫復(fù)合發(fā)酵劑,添加到牛糞堆肥中,能使牛糞在低溫環(huán)境下迅速起溫,有效縮短堆肥進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:The treatment and utilization of livestock and poultry faeces are limited by economic and energy conditions, especially under the increasingly strict requirements of environmental protection, which is a common problem faced by large-scale breeding sites. Composting technology, as a safe, effective and economical disposal method, can kill the pathogenic microorganisms in cow dung and make it stable and innocuous, and then it can be reused as cow bed cushion and the excess part can be fermented deeply. After further corruption and mineralization, it can be used as organic fertilizer to realize resource utilization in surrounding farmland. Compost fermentation is the most important part of the advanced fecal treatment technology introduced in China. In Inner Mongolia, the temperature in winter is low and lasts for a long time, so it is difficult for cow dung to warm up rapidly, which leads to the slow degradation of cellulose and affects the composting process and fermentation cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to screen high efficient cellulose degradation bacteria and develop low temperature compound starter on the basis of it. After the solid-liquid separation of cow dung from Yili Ranch, the field large-scale strip composting test was carried out. The temperature, moisture, seed germination index of pH, the number of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella were measured by compost Od,3d,4d,7d,14d,21d,28d. The results showed that there were no three pathogenic bacteria detected by the national standard method after 4 days of composting. With the prolongation of composting time, the temperature will increase first and then decrease, the water content will decrease gradually, the GI value will increase gradually, and the pH will fluctuate up and down in the range of 8.03 鈮，

本文編號：2478979