發(fā)布時間：2019-05-12 08:03

【摘要】：土壤是植物吸收微量元素的主要來源,土壤中微量元素的含量缺乏會使植株生長不良,產量減少;若微量元素含量供給過剩,也可能會影響到作物的產量和品質。土壤中各微量元素的含量差異較大,影響土壤中微量元素含量的主要因素有土壤質地、有機質、pH以及人為活動等。江西贛南是我國最大的臍橙主產區(qū),因此,了解贛南臍橙園土壤中微量元素含量分布狀況,對正確評價當地的土壤肥力狀況和生產條件、合理施用微量元素肥料以及優(yōu)質的臍橙生產提供理論依據。本文選擇贛南18縣(市)的477個臍橙果園采集的1405份土壤樣本,測定了其中銅、鋅、鐵、錳和硼元素的有效態(tài)含量,探討了不同土壤類型、果園果樹種植年限、土壤pH值以及土壤有機質含量對各微量元素有效態(tài)含量的影響。主要研究結果如下:1.不同種植區(qū)域臍橙園土壤有效銅、有效鋅、有效鐵、有效錳和有效硼含量存在較大差異,其總體平均值分別為:1.55 mg·kg-1,2.85 mg·kg-1,83.57 mg·kg-1,63.37 mg·kg-1,0.16mg·kg-1。根據臍橙園土壤微量元素有效態(tài)含量的分級標準分類可知,土壤有效銅、鋅、鐵和錳分別有76.45%、75.16%、98.58%和85.55%的土壤樣本處于適量及以上水平。而土壤有效硼含量處于適量及以上水平的僅占14.3%。這是我國南方酸性土壤中微量元素含量分布的典型特征。既贛南大部分臍橙園土壤有效鐵和有效錳含量充足而有余,但也有少數果園土壤中缺乏微量元素或存在各微量元素不平衡現象,應引起重視并適當補充。大部分臍橙園土壤有效硼含量處于缺乏水平,故生產上要考慮施加硼肥。2.贛南臍橙園主要有紅壤、砂質紅壤、黃壤、水稻土和紫色土等土壤類型。由于不同類型土壤的特性有著較大的差別,特別是其養(yǎng)分含量狀況不盡相同,因此臍橙園不同土壤類型的微量元素有效態(tài)含量存在較大差異,水稻土中各微量元素有效態(tài)含量最高,黃壤最低。因此,在黃壤果園中,應合理地平衡施加微量元素。3.根據果園果樹種植年限對土壤樣本進行分類,分析了從果樹定植1-15年之間,果園土壤微量元素有效態(tài)含量與果樹種植年限的關系,結果發(fā)現10年以內的臍橙果園臍橙園土壤有效銅和有效鋅含量隨種植年限的增加而增加,10年之后趨于平緩。有效硼含量隨果樹種植年限的增加而增加。有效鐵和有效錳含量隨果樹種植年限變化不明顯。因此,新開墾果園土壤應及時補充微量元素,增加土壤微量元素的有效性。4.各微量元素含量與土壤pH值和有機質含量的相關性分析表明:有效銅、有效鋅、有效鐵和有效錳含量與pH呈正相關,說明在臍橙果園中,通過施加石灰的方式適當降低土壤的酸度,有利于提高銅、鋅、鐵和錳元素的有效性。有效銅、有效鋅和有效鐵與有機質含量呈正相關,說明提高土壤有機質,也將明顯改善銅、鐵、鋅、等微量元素的有效性。
[Abstract]:Soil is the main source of trace elements absorbed by plants. The lack of trace elements in soil will make the growth of plants poor and the yield decrease. If the content of trace elements is oversupplied, it may also affect the yield and quality of crops. The main factors affecting the content of trace elements in soil are soil texture, organic matter, pH and man-made activities, etc. The main factors affecting the content of trace elements in soil are soil texture, organic matter, pH and human activities. Jiangxi Gannan is the largest main producing area of navel orange in China. Therefore, to understand the distribution of trace elements in the soil of umbilical orange orchard in southern Jiangxi, and to correctly evaluate the local soil fertility and production conditions, Rational application of trace element fertilizer and high quality navel orange production provide theoretical basis. In this paper, 1405 soil samples collected from 477 navel orange orchards in 18 counties (cities) of Gannan were selected to determine the available contents of copper, zinc, iron, manganese and boron, and to explore different soil types and planting years of orchard fruit trees. Effects of soil pH value and soil organic matter content on available contents of various trace elements. The main results are as follows: 1. The contents of available copper, available zinc, available iron, available manganese and available boron in navel orange orchard soil were quite different in different planting areas. The overall average values are 1.55 mg kg-1,2.85 mg kg-1,83.57 mg kg-1,63.37 mg kg-1, 0.16mg kg-1.. According to the classification standard classification of available trace elements in navel orange orchard, the available copper, zinc, iron and manganese were 76.45%, 75.16%, 98.58% and 85.55%, respectively. The content of available boron in soil was only 14.3%. This is a typical feature of the distribution of trace elements in acidic soils in southern China. The contents of available iron and available manganese in most navel orange orchards in southern Jiangxi are sufficient and more than, but there are also a few orchards in the soil lack of trace elements or there is imbalance of trace elements, which should be paid attention to and properly supplemented. The available boron content in most navel orange orchards is in lack of level, so boron fertilizer should be considered in production. 2. There are mainly red soil, sandy red soil, yellow soil, paddy soil and purple soil in navel orange orchard in southern Jiangxi. Because the characteristics of different types of soil are quite different, especially the nutrient content of different types of soil is different, so the available content of trace elements in different soil types of navel orange orchard is quite different. The available content of each trace element in paddy soil was the highest and that in yellow soil was the lowest. Therefore, trace elements should be applied reasonably in yellow soil orchards. Soil samples were classified according to the planting years of fruit trees in orchards, and the relationship between available contents of trace elements in orchard soil and planting years of fruit trees was analyzed from 1 to 15 years of colonization of fruit trees. The results showed that the content of available Cu and Zn in the soil of navel orange orchard in navel orange orchard increased with the increase of planting years within 10 years, and tended to calm down after 10 years. The content of available boron increased with the increase of planting years of fruit trees. The contents of available iron and available manganese did not change obviously with the planting years of fruit trees. Therefore, the newly reclaimed orchard soil should supplement trace elements in time to increase the availability of soil trace elements. 4. The correlation analysis of the contents of trace elements with soil pH and organic matter showed that the contents of available copper, available zinc, available iron and available manganese were positively correlated with pH, indicating that the contents of available copper, available zinc, available iron and available manganese in navel orange orchard were positively correlated. It is beneficial to improve the availability of copper, zinc, iron and manganese by applying lime to reduce the acidity of soil. The contents of available copper, available zinc and available iron were positively correlated with the content of organic matter, indicating that increasing soil organic matter would also significantly improve the availability of trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, and so on.
【學位授予單位】：贛南師范學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153;O657.31

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