發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-11 21:48

【摘要】：中國的大東北有著優(yōu)質(zhì)的黑土資源,黑色土壤中有著大量的腐殖質(zhì),有極大的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值,一直為人民最基本的食物需求無私奉獻(xiàn)著。土壤侵蝕使得東北黑土地土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在下降,也造成了土壤的板結(jié)以及鹽漬化,使得黑土區(qū)的產(chǎn)糧能力減弱。本文應(yīng)用遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)、查詢資料、實(shí)地驗(yàn)證等手段獲取降雨、地形、土壤可蝕性、土地植被覆蓋類型、植被蓋度和水保措施等數(shù)據(jù)。再應(yīng)用美國土壤流失方程USLE模型對(duì)吉林省梨樹縣的土壤侵蝕做了初步的計(jì)算與分析,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)梨樹縣林草總面積為402.1 km2,占總土地面積的百分比為10.42%;梨樹縣市以高覆蓋、中高覆蓋為主,占林草面積的百分比分別為42.30%、23.85%。(2)梨樹縣總體的侵蝕面積約873 km2,約占到整個(gè)梨樹縣總面積的22.61%,主要以輕度和強(qiáng)烈侵蝕為主。中度、極強(qiáng)烈和劇烈占少量的一部分。(3)梨樹縣2013年土壤侵蝕總量約為1651024t,主要是輕度、中度及劇烈為主。(4)梨樹縣2013年與2010年相比,中度水蝕、極強(qiáng)烈水蝕面積顯著減少。其中中度水蝕面積減少120.7km2,為水蝕面積減少最多。
[Abstract]:The great northeast of China has high quality black soil resources, black soil has a large number of humus, has great nutritional value, has been selfless dedication for the most basic food needs of the people. Soil erosion leads to the decrease of soil organic matter content in black soil in Northeast China, which also leads to the consolidation and salinization of soil, and weakens the grain production capacity of black soil area. In this paper, remote sensing, geographic information system, query data and field verification are used to obtain the data of rainfall, topography, soil erodibility, land vegetation cover type, vegetation coverage and soil and water conservation measures. The soil erosion of Lishu County in Jilin Province was calculated and analyzed by using the USLE model of soil loss equation in the United States. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the total area of forest and grass in Lishu County is 402.1 km2, as a percentage of the total land area is 10.42%; The percentage of forest and grass area in Lishu County was 42.30% and 23.85% respectively. (2) the total erosion area of Lishu County accounted for 22.61% of the total area of Lishu County. (2) the total erosion area of Lishu County was about 873 km2, which accounted for 22.61% of the total area of Lishu County. Mainly mild and strong erosion. Moderate, extremely strong and severe accounted for a small part. (3) the total soil erosion in Lishu County in 2013 was about 1651024t, mainly mild, moderate and severe. (4) compared with 2010, Lishu County in 2013 had moderate water erosion. The area of extremely strong water erosion decreased significantly. Among them, the area of water erosion decreased by 120.7 km ~ 2, and the area of water erosion decreased the most.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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本文編號(hào)：2474875