長(zhǎng)期施肥對(duì)土壤鉬含量和固氮微生物區(qū)系的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-11 15:31
【摘要】：生物固氮是土壤氮素補(bǔ)充的主要途徑,該過程主要依賴土壤中的固氮微生物,它們能利用體內(nèi)的固氮酶將空氣中分子態(tài)的氮還原成氨態(tài)氮,進(jìn)而被植物吸收利用。固氮微生物的群落結(jié)構(gòu)和豐度與固氮效率的高低密切相關(guān),影響豐度和群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主要因素是外界條件如水、熱、營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)等,而這些外界條件又與人類的耕作方式、施肥制度等密切相關(guān)。本文選取了中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院祁陽(yáng)和烏魯木齊兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)的四個(gè)不同施肥處理的土壤:不施肥(CK)、施化肥(NPK)、施有機(jī)肥(M)、化肥有機(jī)肥混施(NPKM),研究不同施肥處理對(duì)土壤全鉬含量、有效鉬含量、理化性質(zhì)、固氮微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響;利用二維紅外光譜技術(shù),研究了梯度濃度鉬酸鈉溶液滴定過程中,不同施肥處理的土壤可溶性有機(jī)質(zhì)(DOM)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.與對(duì)照CK相比,祁陽(yáng)和烏魯木齊各施肥處理的土壤全鉬含量均有增加,并且M和NPKM處理的效果較好,能顯著提升土壤全鉬含量;祁陽(yáng)各施肥處理有效鉬含量與對(duì)照相比,M和NPKM有顯著提升,NPK處理則顯著降低,烏魯木齊各施肥處理土壤的有效鉬含量均顯著高于對(duì)照;祁陽(yáng)的M和NPKM處理能顯著提升土壤pH,NPK則會(huì)顯著降低土壤pH,烏魯木齊各施肥處理的土壤pH與對(duì)照相比無(wú)顯著差異;祁陽(yáng)和烏魯木齊各施肥處理的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)和全氮含量與對(duì)照相比,均有所增加,并且M和NPKM的效果要好于NPK,達(dá)到顯著水平。2.一維紅外光譜顯示,在鉬酸鈉滴定培養(yǎng)過程中,各施肥處理在不同濃度相酸鈉滴定下的土壤可溶性有機(jī)質(zhì)(DOM)的譜圖十分相近,僅在峰的強(qiáng)度上有所變化,而二維紅外譜圖則可以對(duì)它們進(jìn)行更細(xì)致的區(qū)分。結(jié)果表明,NPK和M處理的土壤可溶性有機(jī)質(zhì)(DOM)組成基本相近,均由纖維素、多糖、脂肪類物質(zhì)以及礦物顆粒構(gòu)成,但是M處理在900-1800cm-1波譜范圍,出現(xiàn)了 NPK處理中所沒有的Si-O伸縮振動(dòng)峰,表明M處理中形成了非晶性納米礦物如水鋁英石[Al2O31.22SiO22.5H2O]或伊毛縞石[(OH)3Al2O3SiOH],而非晶性納米礦物的形成可能有助于降低土壤中鉬的淋失。3.實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),不同施肥處理?xiàng)l件下土壤固氮微生物的豐度以M為最多,NPKM和CK次之,NPK處理中固氮微生物的豐度最低,且NPK與M的差異達(dá)到顯著水平。4.高通量測(cè)序的結(jié)果表明,各施肥處理中,NPK對(duì)土壤固氮微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)影響最大,M和NPKM則相對(duì)較小,且M和NPKM在固氮微生物群落組成相似性上較為接近;NPK會(huì)顯著降低土壤固氮微生物豐富度和多樣性。
[Abstract]:Biological nitrogen fixation is the main way of soil nitrogen supplementation, this process mainly depends on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in soil, they can use nitrogenase in the body to reduce molecular nitrogen in air to ammonia nitrogen, and then be absorbed and utilized by plants. The community structure and abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are closely related to the efficiency of nitrogen fixation. The main factors affecting abundance and community structure are external conditions such as water, heat, nutrients and so on, which are in turn related to human farming methods. The fertilizer system and so on are closely related. In this paper, four different fertilizing soils of Qiyang and Urumqi, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, were selected: unfertilized (CK), fertilizer, (NPK), fertilizer, organic fertilizer, (M), fertilizer, organic fertilizer, (NPKM), organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer. The effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil total Mo content, available Mo content, physicochemical properties and nitrogen fixing microbial community structure were studied. The dynamic changes of soluble organic matter (DOM) in soil under different fertilizer treatments during titration with gradient concentration sodium molybdate solution were studied by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. The main results are as follows: 1. Compared with the control CK, the soil total Mo content of Qiyang and Urumqi fertilizer treatments increased, and the effect of M and NPKM treatment was better, which could significantly increase the soil total Mo content. Compared with the control, the available molybdenum content in each fertilization treatment in Qiyang was significantly higher than that in the control, while the available molybdenum content in each fertilization treatment in Urumqi was significantly higher than that in the control, while the available molybdenum content in the soil under the NPK treatment was significantly lower than that in the control. The treatment of M and NPKM in Qiyang could significantly increase soil pH,NPK, but significantly decreased soil pH, in Urumqi. There was no significant difference in soil pH between the two treatments. The contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in each fertilization treatment of Qiyang and Urumqi were increased compared with the control, and the effect of M and NPKM was better than that of NPK,. 2. One-dimensional infrared spectroscopy showed that in the course of sodium molybdate titration culture, the (DOM) spectra of soil soluble organic matter under different concentration of sodium titrate in different fertilization treatments were very similar, but only changed in the intensity of the peak. Two-dimensional infrared spectra can distinguish them in more detail. The results showed that the (DOM) composition of soluble organic matter in soil treated with NPK and M was basically similar, which was composed of cellulose, polysaccharide, adipose matter and mineral particles, but M treatment was in the range of 900-1800cm-1 spectrum. The appearance of Si-O stretching vibration peaks not found in NPK treatment indicates that amorphous nano-minerals such as Al2O31.22SiO22.5H2O or (OH) 3Al2O3SiOH have been formed in M treatment. The formation of amorphous nanomaterials may help to reduce the leaching of Mo in soil. 3. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in soil was the highest under different fertilizer treatments, followed by NPKM and CK, and the abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in NPK treatment was the lowest, and the difference between NPK and M was significant. 4. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that NPK had the greatest effect on soil nitrogen-fixing microbial community structure, while M and NPKM had little effect on soil nitrogen-fixing microbial community structure, and M and NPKM were similar to each other in composition similarity of nitrogen-fixing microbial community. NPK significantly decreased the richness and diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S154.3
本文編號(hào)：2474615
[Abstract]:Biological nitrogen fixation is the main way of soil nitrogen supplementation, this process mainly depends on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in soil, they can use nitrogenase in the body to reduce molecular nitrogen in air to ammonia nitrogen, and then be absorbed and utilized by plants. The community structure and abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are closely related to the efficiency of nitrogen fixation. The main factors affecting abundance and community structure are external conditions such as water, heat, nutrients and so on, which are in turn related to human farming methods. The fertilizer system and so on are closely related. In this paper, four different fertilizing soils of Qiyang and Urumqi, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, were selected: unfertilized (CK), fertilizer, (NPK), fertilizer, organic fertilizer, (M), fertilizer, organic fertilizer, (NPKM), organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer. The effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil total Mo content, available Mo content, physicochemical properties and nitrogen fixing microbial community structure were studied. The dynamic changes of soluble organic matter (DOM) in soil under different fertilizer treatments during titration with gradient concentration sodium molybdate solution were studied by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. The main results are as follows: 1. Compared with the control CK, the soil total Mo content of Qiyang and Urumqi fertilizer treatments increased, and the effect of M and NPKM treatment was better, which could significantly increase the soil total Mo content. Compared with the control, the available molybdenum content in each fertilization treatment in Qiyang was significantly higher than that in the control, while the available molybdenum content in each fertilization treatment in Urumqi was significantly higher than that in the control, while the available molybdenum content in the soil under the NPK treatment was significantly lower than that in the control. The treatment of M and NPKM in Qiyang could significantly increase soil pH,NPK, but significantly decreased soil pH, in Urumqi. There was no significant difference in soil pH between the two treatments. The contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in each fertilization treatment of Qiyang and Urumqi were increased compared with the control, and the effect of M and NPKM was better than that of NPK,. 2. One-dimensional infrared spectroscopy showed that in the course of sodium molybdate titration culture, the (DOM) spectra of soil soluble organic matter under different concentration of sodium titrate in different fertilization treatments were very similar, but only changed in the intensity of the peak. Two-dimensional infrared spectra can distinguish them in more detail. The results showed that the (DOM) composition of soluble organic matter in soil treated with NPK and M was basically similar, which was composed of cellulose, polysaccharide, adipose matter and mineral particles, but M treatment was in the range of 900-1800cm-1 spectrum. The appearance of Si-O stretching vibration peaks not found in NPK treatment indicates that amorphous nano-minerals such as Al2O31.22SiO22.5H2O or (OH) 3Al2O3SiOH have been formed in M treatment. The formation of amorphous nanomaterials may help to reduce the leaching of Mo in soil. 3. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in soil was the highest under different fertilizer treatments, followed by NPKM and CK, and the abundance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in NPK treatment was the lowest, and the difference between NPK and M was significant. 4. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that NPK had the greatest effect on soil nitrogen-fixing microbial community structure, while M and NPKM had little effect on soil nitrogen-fixing microbial community structure, and M and NPKM were similar to each other in composition similarity of nitrogen-fixing microbial community. NPK significantly decreased the richness and diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S154.3
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