【摘要】：采用盆栽試驗,研究了不同W-OH噴施濃度(1%,3%,5%)對玉米生長及土壤養(yǎng)分淋失的影響。結(jié)果表明:與對照(不噴施W-OH)相比,噴施W-OH對玉米生長有促進作用,且這種作用自玉米生長中期逐漸明顯。試驗條件下,低、中濃度W-OH(1%和3%)更有利于玉米生長;盆栽3個月后,與對照相比,低、中濃度處理下玉米株高分別增加16%和35%,凈光合速率分別增加3%和17%,氣孔導度分別增加34%和79%,蒸騰速率分別為對照的2倍和3倍。降雨量對W-OH的保水作用影響不同,小雨和中雨下,3%濃度處理的滲流量最低,保水效果最顯著;降雨量達到大雨及以上時,W-OH的保水作用與其噴施濃度成正比。在玉米生長初期W-OH的保肥作用與其噴施濃度成正比,隨著后續(xù)降雨滲流反復(fù)淋溶,其保肥作用趨于穩(wěn)定;3%和5%濃度的W-OH均能有效減少觀測期的土壤養(yǎng)分淋失量,且以硝態(tài)氮降幅最大。研究結(jié)果為土壤固化劑在坡耕地中的應(yīng)用提供理論指導。
[Abstract]:Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of W-OH (1%, 3%, 5%) on maize growth and soil nutrient leaching. The results showed that compared with the control (without spraying W-OH), the spraying of W-OH could promote the growth of maize, and this effect was gradually obvious since the middle stage of maize growth. Under the experimental conditions, the medium concentration of W-OH (1% and 3%) was more favorable for maize growth. After 3 months, compared with the control, the plant height, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and stomatal conductance increased by 16% and 35%, 3% and 17%, respectively, and stomatal conductance increased by 34% and 79%, respectively. The transpiration rate was 2 times and 3 times as much as that of the control, respectively. The effect of rainfall on the water retention of W-OH was different. Under light rain and moderate rain, the percolation rate of 3% concentration treatment was the lowest and the water retention effect was the most significant. When the rainfall reached heavy rain or above, the water retention effect of W-OH was proportional to its spraying concentration. In the early stage of maize growth, the fertilizer retention effect of W-OH was proportional to its spraying concentration. With the subsequent rainfall percolation and repeated leaching, the fertilizer retention effect tended to be stable. Both 3% and 5% concentration of W-OH could effectively reduce the amount of soil nutrient leaching during the observation period, and the decrease of nitrate nitrogen was the largest. The results provide theoretical guidance for the application of soil curing agent in sloping farmland.
【作者單位】： 長江科學院水土保持研究所;水利部山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治工程技術(shù)研究中心;
【基金】：水利部技術(shù)示范項目(SF-201601) 中央級公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費重點項目(CKSF2017050/TB;CKSF2017028/TB) 國家自然科學基金項目(41301298)
【分類號】：S157;S513

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