【摘要】：土壤酸化嚴(yán)重制約作物產(chǎn)量的提高,而因不合理施肥引起的土壤酸化越來越嚴(yán)重,施用植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品可有效改善酸化土壤,本試驗(yàn)以花生和生姜為供試作物,相同氮磷鉀施肥量的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)置對(duì)照(CK)、普通肥料處理1(GF1)、普通肥料處理2(GF2)、植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品處理1(PNC1)和植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品處理2(PNC2)五個(gè)處理。研究植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品對(duì)花生和生姜產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)及其對(duì)酸性土壤的改良效果,旨在為植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品對(duì)酸性土壤的改良和合理施用提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品的施用能顯著提高土壤pH,而普通肥料的施用則會(huì)加速土壤酸化進(jìn)程。花生上植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品處理較對(duì)照土壤pH上升0.02~0.65,普通肥料處理則下降0.15~0.23;生姜上植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品處理土壤pH上升0.01~0.46,但普通肥料處理則下降0.04~0.16。與普通肥料處理比較,植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品能顯著增加土壤交換性鈣、鎂含量,從而減緩?fù)寥浪峄M(jìn)程。2、植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品處理在植株生長(zhǎng)前期氮磷鉀含量高于對(duì)照處理,但低于普通肥料處理,隨著作物生育期的延長(zhǎng),其含量增加,養(yǎng)分緩慢釋放,有利于作物生長(zhǎng)。3、不同施肥處理對(duì)花生和生姜產(chǎn)量的影響不同。與不施肥的對(duì)照比較,普通肥料處理花生產(chǎn)量沒有顯著提高,但生姜產(chǎn)量顯著增加。植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品增產(chǎn)效果顯著優(yōu)于普通肥料,花生增產(chǎn)8%~12%,生姜增產(chǎn)6.48%~29.47%。4、本次試驗(yàn)研究表明施用植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品可顯著改善花生籽粒和生姜品質(zhì),其中花生粗脂肪顯著增加2.97%~4.77%,可溶性糖顯著增加8.24%~12.82%,施用植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品未對(duì)花生粗蛋白含量造成顯著影響;生姜施用植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)理品后維生素C(VC)含量較普通肥料處理顯著增加26.03%~58.50%,可溶性糖顯著增加2.58%~9.77%。
[Abstract]:Soil acidification seriously restricts the increase of crop yield, and the soil acidification caused by unreasonable fertilization is becoming more and more serious. The application of plant nutrients can effectively improve the acidified soil. Peanut and ginger were used as the experimental crops in this experiment. On the basis of the same amount of N, P and K application, five treatments were set up: control (CK), common fertilizer treatment 1 (GF1), common fertilizer treatment 2 (GF2), plant nutrient conditioning treatment 1 (PNC1) and plant nutrient conditioning treatment 2 (PNC2). The effects of plant nutrient conditioners on the yield and quality of peanut and ginger and their effects on acid soil were studied in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement and rational application of plant nutrient conditioners to acid soil. The main results are as follows: 1. The application of plant nutrients can significantly improve soil pH, and the application of common fertilizer can accelerate the process of soil acidification. Compared with the control soil, the pH of peanut treated with plant nutrient conditioners increased by 0.02 脳 0.65, while that of common fertilizer treatment decreased by 0.15 脳 0.23. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two treatments. The soil pH increased by 0.01 ~ 0.46, but decreased by 0.04 ~ 0.16 in the common fertilizer treatment. Compared with common fertilizer treatment, plant nutrient conditioner could significantly increase the content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium in soil, thus slowing soil acidification process. 2, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant nutrient conditioning treatment was higher than that in control treatment at the early stage of plant growth. But lower than the ordinary fertilizer treatment, with the extension of crop growth period, its content increased, nutrient release slowly, which was beneficial to crop growth. 3, different fertilization treatments had different effects on peanut and ginger yield. Compared with the control without fertilization, the yield of peanut treated with common fertilizer did not increase significantly, but the yield of ginger increased significantly. The effect of plant nutrient conditioning was better than that of common fertilizer. Peanut increased 8% / 12%, ginger 6.48% / 29.47%. 4. This experiment showed that the application of plant nutrient conditioning could significantly improve the quality of peanut seeds and ginger, and the yield of peanut and ginger increased by 8% and 29.47% respectively. Crude fat and soluble sugar increased by 2.97% / 4.77% and 8.24% / 12.82%, respectively. The content of vitamin C (VC) and soluble sugar in ginger were increased by 26.03% and 2.58% and 9.77%, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S156.6

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