【摘要】：水足跡是消費者或生產(chǎn)者直接或間接使用水資源量的衡量指標,并被廣泛應用于全球或區(qū)域虛擬水貿(mào)易分析研究。本文從全球、國家或地區(qū)等不同空間尺度對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品水足跡評價研究進行了比較全面的綜述。近十幾年來,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品水足跡研究從2008年以前的全球農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易虛擬水量分析評價為主,轉向2009年以后國家或地區(qū)空間尺度的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品形成過程中所消耗的直接和間接水量的詳細核算研究為核心。水足跡評價具有明顯的空間分布特征,為了獲取準確、全面客觀的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)水足跡信息,必須要考慮區(qū)域地理特征、土壤理化特性、氣候變化、生產(chǎn)技術及污染物生態(tài)毒性等因素的影響。水資源管理決策制定時應綜合考慮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品綠水、藍水和灰水足跡,因為農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的藍水足跡表征了社會淡水資源的直接消耗,對國際市場貿(mào)易決策制定具有重要意義,而農(nóng)產(chǎn)品灰水足跡評價則更明確地反映了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)對環(huán)境的影響程度。實現(xiàn)全球或區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)水資源保護與可持續(xù)利用,不僅要提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)水資源利用效率,還應該調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)結構、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品虛擬水貿(mào)易的模式和方向,減少農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通過程和飲食消費的水資源浪費。
[Abstract]:Water footprint is a measure of direct or indirect use of water resources by consumers or producers, and has been widely used in global or regional virtual water trade analysis. In this paper, the water footprint evaluation of agricultural products in different spatial scales, such as global, national or regional, has been reviewed in an all-round way. In the past ten years, the study of agricultural products' water footprint has been mainly based on the virtual water volume analysis and evaluation of global agricultural trade before 2008. Turning to the national or regional spatial scale of agricultural products after 2009, the detailed calculation of direct and indirect water consumption during the formation of agricultural products is the core. Water footprint evaluation has obvious spatial distribution characteristics. In order to obtain accurate, comprehensive and objective information of agricultural production water footprint, regional geographical characteristics, soil physical and chemical characteristics, and climate change must be considered. The influence of production technology and eco-toxicity of pollutants. The green water, blue water and gray water footprints of agricultural products should be considered comprehensively in the decision-making of water resources management, because the blue water footprints of agricultural products represent the direct consumption of social freshwater resources and are of great significance to the decision-making of international market trade. The evaluation of agricultural ash-water footprint more clearly reflects the impact of agricultural production on the environment. To achieve global or regional protection and sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources, we should not only improve the efficiency of water resources utilization in agricultural production, but also adjust the agricultural production structure and the mode and direction of virtual water trade for agricultural products. Reduce the circulation of agricultural products and food consumption of water waste.
【作者單位】： 農(nóng)業(yè)應用新技術北京市重點實驗室/北京農(nóng)學院資源與環(huán)境系;北京林果業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境功能提升協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心;農(nóng)業(yè)部旱作節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)重點實驗室/中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究所;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金項目(31471837,41473004) 科技創(chuàng)新服務能力建設-協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心-林果業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境功能提升協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心(2011協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心)(市級)(PXM2017_014207_000043)資助~~
【分類號】：S181

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