【摘要】：以貴州黃壤肥力與肥效長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)為平臺(tái),探究有效磷(Olsen-P)與土壤累積磷盈虧、磷肥用量的關(guān)系,確定西南黃壤旱地最佳磷肥施肥量,通過Mitscherlich方程模擬作物相對(duì)產(chǎn)量對(duì)土壤Olsen-P的響應(yīng)關(guān)系,明確西南黃壤旱地的農(nóng)學(xué)閾值.結(jié)果表明:施用磷肥可顯著提高土壤Olsen-P含量,不同施磷處理間提升幅度主要與磷肥施用量有關(guān);不施磷處理土壤磷素一直處于虧缺狀態(tài),施磷處理土壤磷素有盈余,其中全量有機(jī)肥配施全量化肥處理(MNPK)作物吸磷量和磷素盈余量最高,同等施磷水平下,與單施化肥處理(NPK)相比,有機(jī)肥配施化肥處理(1/4 M+3/4 NPK、1/2 M+1/2 NPK)更能促進(jìn)作物對(duì)磷素的吸收,提高磷素累積利用率.土壤累積磷盈虧與土壤Olsen-P增量呈顯著直線相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05),土壤中磷素每盈余100 kg·hm~(-2),MNPK、1/4 M+3/4 NPK、1/2 M+1/2 NPK、NPK處理Olsen-P分別增加16.4、13.0、21.4、5.6 mg·kg~(-1),有機(jī)肥與化肥配施能有效增加土壤Olsen-P含量.西南黃壤旱地Olsen-P的農(nóng)學(xué)閾值為22.4 mg·kg-1;土壤每年磷盈虧和Olsen-P含量與磷肥施用量呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01),磷肥用量(純P)為每年33.3 kg·hm~(-2)時(shí),土壤磷盈虧呈持平狀態(tài),Olsen-P農(nóng)學(xué)閾值對(duì)應(yīng)的施肥量(純P)為每年45.9 kg·hm~(-2).西南黃壤旱地Olsen-P含量主要與施磷水平有關(guān),當(dāng)年施磷量為45.9 kg·hm~(-2)時(shí)可獲得最佳的作物產(chǎn)量,磷肥利用率高;當(dāng)年施磷量高于45.9 kg·hm~(-2)時(shí),作物產(chǎn)量對(duì)磷肥用量無響應(yīng),大量磷素累積在土壤中,增加了磷素的環(huán)境流失風(fēng)險(xiǎn).西南黃壤旱地長(zhǎng)期施用有機(jī)肥處理單位累積磷盈余量提升土壤Olsen-P的速率大于單施化學(xué)磷肥處理.
[Abstract]:Based on the long-term positioning experiment of fertility and fertilizer efficiency in yellow soil of Guizhou Province, the relationship between available phosphorus (Olsen-P) and accumulated phosphorus deficit in soil and the amount of phosphorus fertilizer used was studied, and the optimum fertilizer application rate in dry land of southwest yellow soil was determined. The response relationship of crop relative yield to soil Olsen-P was simulated by Mitscherlich equation, and the agronomic threshold of dry land in southwest yellow soil was determined. The results showed that the application of P fertilizer could significantly increase the content of Olsen-P in soil, and the range of increase was mainly related to the application rate of P fertilizer. There was a surplus of P in the soil without P application, in which the P uptake and surplus of (MNPK) crops were the highest in the treatment of total organic fertilizer combined with total fertilizer, and under the same P application level, the P uptake and surplus of soil P were the highest in the treatment of total organic fertilizer combined with total fertilizer, and the same P application level was found under the same P application level. Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (1 脳 4 M 3? 4 NPK,1/2 M 1? 2 NPK) could promote the uptake of phosphorus and increase the utilization rate of phosphorus accumulation in crops. There was a significant linear correlation between accumulated phosphorus accumulation and soil Olsen-P increment (P0.05). Every surplus of phosphorus in soil was 100 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), MNPK,1/4 M _ 3 / 4 NPK,1/2 M _ 1 ~ (- 2) NPK,. Olsen-P of NPK treatment increased 16.4,13.0,21.4 and 5.6 mg kg~ (- 1), respectively. The combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could effectively increase the content of Olsen-P in soil. The agronomic threshold of Olsen-P in arid land of southwest yellow soil is 22.4 mg kg-1;. There was a very significant positive correlation between the annual P deficit and Olsen-P content and the application rate of P fertilizer (P0.01). When the amount of P fertilizer (pure P) was 33.3 kg 路hm ~ (- 2) per year, the P surplus and deficit of the soil was flat. The fertilizer application rate (pure P) corresponding to the Olsen-P agronomic threshold was 45.9 kg 路hm ~ (- 2) per year. The content of Olsen-P in dry land of southwest yellow soil was mainly related to the level of phosphorus application. When the amount of phosphorus applied in the same year was 45.9 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), the best crop yield could be obtained, and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer was high. When the amount of phosphorus applied was higher than 45.9 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), the crop yield did not respond to the amount of phosphorus fertilizer, and a large amount of phosphorus accumulated in the soil, which increased the risk of environmental loss of phosphorus. The rate of increasing the accumulated phosphorus surplus per unit of organic fertilizer treatment was higher than that of single application of chemical phosphorus fertilizer in long-term application of organic fertilizer in the dry land of southwest yellow soil.
【作者單位】： 貴州省農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境研究所;農(nóng)業(yè)部貴州耕地保育與農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)觀測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)站;中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所;貴州省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;
【基金】：公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201203030) 貴州省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院自主創(chuàng)新專項(xiàng)(2014007) 貴州省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(NY[2012]3082,[2013]4002)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S158

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