【摘要】：稻麥輪作是長江中下游地區(qū)最主要的糧食生產方式,然而在該地區(qū)季風氣候的背景下,小麥生長季易發(fā)生漬害脅迫,導致小麥減產甚至絕收。施用生物炭是一種有效的土壤改良方式,目前,已在長江中下游稻麥輪作區(qū)開展應用研究,但定量評估施用生物炭對長江中下游地區(qū)小麥漬害的影響研究尚未見報道。開展土柱和小區(qū)試驗,研究水稻秸稈生物炭對稻麥輪作土壤和小麥生長前期的影響。結果表明,施用生物炭能顯著降低稻麥輪作土壤的容重。不同深度的土壤水分動態(tài)變化也表明,施用生物炭有利于土壤水分向下遷移,可改善稻麥輪作土壤排水不暢的特點。同時,與未施用生物炭的處理相比,施用10 t hm-2生物炭能加快小麥出苗,促進小麥生長。播種后90 d的采樣結果顯示,施用生物炭處理下小麥株高、主根長和最后一片完全葉的葉綠素相對含量(SPAD值)均顯著高于對照(p0.05)。根系特征顯示,施用生物炭處理下的小麥主根長雖然顯著高于對照,但2個處理間的總根長和總根面積卻無顯著差異。綜上,施用生物炭能顯著改善稻麥輪作土壤的排水條件,促進小麥前期生長,將有助于小麥在關鍵生育期抵御漬害脅迫。
[Abstract]:Rice-wheat rotation is the most important grain production mode in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, under the background of monsoon climate in this area, waterlogging stress is easy to occur in wheat growing season, which leads to the reduction of wheat yield and even the end of wheat harvest. Biochar application is an effective soil improvement method and has been applied to rice-wheat rotation areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, the quantitative evaluation of the effects of biochar application on wheat waterlogging in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has not been reported. Soil column and plot experiments were carried out to study the effects of rice straw biochar on rice-wheat rotation soil and wheat growth period. The results showed that the application of biochar could significantly reduce the bulk density of rice-wheat rotation soil. The dynamic changes of soil moisture in different depths also showed that biochar application was beneficial to the downward migration of soil water and could improve the characteristics of poor drainage of rice-wheat rotation soil. At the same time, the application of 10 t hm-2 bio-charcoal could accelerate the emergence of wheat and promote the growth of wheat compared with the non-biochar treatment. The results of sampling 90 days after sowing showed that the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of wheat plant height, main root length and last complete leaf under biochar treatment were significantly higher than that of the control (p0.05). The root characteristics showed that the main root length of wheat treated with biochar was significantly higher than that of the control, but there was no significant difference in total root length and total root area between the two treatments. In conclusion, the application of biochar can significantly improve the drainage conditions of rice-wheat rotation soil and promote the early growth of wheat, which will help wheat resist waterlogging stress in the key growth period.
【作者單位】： 農業(yè)信息研究所/農業(yè)部長江下游平原農業(yè)環(huán)境重點實驗室江蘇省農業(yè)科學院;土壤與農業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展國家重點實驗室(中國科學院南京土壤研究所);
【基金】：國家公益性行業(yè)(農業(yè))科研專項項目(201203032) 江蘇省農業(yè)科學院院基金(6111647) 江蘇省農業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新基金項目(CX(16)1042)資助~~
【分類號】：S422;S512.1

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