【摘要】：由于植硅體具有超強(qiáng)的耐高溫、抗氧化及抗分解等的特性,使得植硅體碳可以在植硅體這層堅(jiān)硬外殼的保護(hù)下存于土壤以及沉積物中高達(dá)上萬年之久。因此,植硅體碳是土壤穩(wěn)定性碳庫的重要來源之一,對(duì)于增強(qiáng)土壤碳匯,維持全球CO2平衡具有重要意義。森林是地球陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的主體,而在全球森林面積急劇下降的今天,竹林面積卻仍在增加,因此竹林是一個(gè)不斷增大的碳匯,在陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)中起著重要的作用。麻竹因其生長(zhǎng)速度快、生物量大、根莖系統(tǒng)發(fā)達(dá)、生態(tài)功能突出等的特點(diǎn)是我國(guó)南方栽培最廣的竹種之一,而南靖縣有“中國(guó)麻竹之鄉(xiāng)”的美稱,是福建省最大的麻竹生產(chǎn)種植區(qū)。本文基于地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)結(jié)合ArcGIS 10.0空間分析軟件主要研究麻竹土壤植硅體碳的空間變異性,旨在為中國(guó)竹林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的土壤植硅體碳匯估測(cè)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)麻竹不同層次土壤植硅體碳平均含量介于0.30~0.75 g·kg-1之間,變異系數(shù)介于80.38~87.46%均小于1,表現(xiàn)為中等程度的變異性。0~10 cm土層的土壤植硅體碳含量符合高斯模型;10~30 cm、60~100 cm和0~100 cm土層的土壤植硅體碳含量符合指數(shù)模型;30~60 cm土層的土壤植硅體碳含量符合球狀模型。它們的塊基比介于8.7%~74.9%之間,說明具有中等程度的相關(guān)性。同時(shí)它們的參數(shù)比均略小,說明模型擬合度較好。總體來看,麻竹土壤植硅體碳含量的空間分布呈現(xiàn)中高值成片的相間,塊狀或破碎狀的分布。(2)麻竹林0~100 cm土層中儲(chǔ)存4.23 t·hm-2的土壤植硅體碳,且各樣點(diǎn)土壤植硅體碳儲(chǔ)量的差異性較大,最小值僅占最大值的4.85%。各層土壤植硅體碳儲(chǔ)量的變異系數(shù)均小于1,表現(xiàn)為中等程度的變異性。整體來看,麻竹土壤的植硅體碳儲(chǔ)量的平均值且隨著土壤深度增加而增大。同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)0~100cm土層中麻竹和毛竹的土壤植硅體碳儲(chǔ)量要高于杉木林、針闊混交林、馬尾松林和闊葉林土壤。(3)不同地區(qū)土壤剖面中的土壤有機(jī)碳、土壤植硅體和土壤植硅體碳含量均隨著土壤深度的增加而減少。土壤中PhytOC/SOC的比值是表征長(zhǎng)時(shí)間(十年至萬年)土壤植硅體碳封存機(jī)制的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo),不同地區(qū)的土壤中的PhytOC/SOC的比值隨著土壤深度的增加而逐漸增加。其原因主要是隨著土壤深度的增加,有機(jī)碳的降幅大于植硅體碳的降幅。(4)土壤植硅體碳、土壤植硅體和土壤全硅的空間分布圖在一定程度上較為相似。同時(shí)它們之間也呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01)。麻竹不僅植物部分植硅體碳含量高,其土壤積累植硅體碳的能力也強(qiáng),可以封存更多的植硅體碳,因此麻竹生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在增加土壤穩(wěn)定性有機(jī)碳具有重要意義。樣地的竹齡與表層的土壤植硅體碳呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05)。樣地的海拔與表層的土壤植硅體碳呈現(xiàn)顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05),說明樣地的竹林年齡和海拔是影響土壤植硅體碳的主要因子。
[Abstract]:Because of its super high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and decomposition resistance, the silicon plant carbon can be stored in soil and sediment for tens of thousands of years under the protection of the hard shell of the plant silicon. Therefore, plant silicon carbon is one of the important sources of stable soil carbon pool, which is of great significance for enhancing soil carbon sink and maintaining global CO2 balance. Forest is the main body of terrestrial ecosystem on earth, but with the rapid decline of global forest area, bamboo forest area is still increasing. Therefore, bamboo forest is an increasing carbon sink and plays an important role in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem. Because of its fast growth rate, large biomass, well-developed rhizome system and outstanding ecological function, it is one of the most widely cultivated bamboo species in southern China, and Nanjing County has the acclaim of "the township of Chinese hemp bamboo". It is the largest growing area of hemp bamboo in Fujian province. Based on geostatistics and ArcGIS 10.0 spatial analysis software, this paper mainly studies the spatial variability of soil plant silicon carbon in Phyllostachys equisetifolia, in order to provide scientific basis for estimating soil plant silicon carbon sink in bamboo forest ecosystem of China. The results showed that: (1) the average carbon content of soil silicon in different soil layers was between 0.30 and 0.75 g / kg-1, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 80.38 and 87.46% less than 1, respectively. The soil silicon content in 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer accords with Gao Si's model. The carbon content of soil plant silicon in 10 ~ 30 cm,60~100 cm and 0 ~ 100 cm soil layers is in accordance with exponential model, and the soil silicon content in 30 ~ 60 cm soil layer accords with spherical model. Their block-to-base ratio is between 8.7% and 74.9%, indicating a moderate degree of correlation. At the same time, their parameter ratio is slightly smaller, indicating that the model has a good fitting degree. In general, the spatial distribution of silicon content in soil of Phyllostachys equisetifolia presented a middle-high value interphase, block or fragmentation distribution. (2) the carbon stored in 4.23 t 路hm-2 soil was stored in 0 / 100 cm soil layer of Phyllostachys equisetifolia forest. The carbon storage of plant silicon in soil of different sample sites is different, and the minimum value only accounts for 4.85% of the maximum value. The coefficient of variation of carbon storage in all layers of soil was less than 1, which showed a moderate degree of variability. On the whole, the average carbon storage of plant silicon increased with the increase of soil depth in the soil of Phyllostachys equisetifolia. At the same time, it was found that the soil silicon carbon storage of Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys pubescens in 0~100cm soil layer was higher than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata, mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests. (3) soil organic carbon in soil profiles of different areas. The carbon content of soil and soil silicon decreased with the increase of soil depth. The ratio of PhytOC/SOC in soil is an important indicator of carbon sequestration mechanism in soil for a long time (from ten to ten thousand years). The ratio of PhytOC/SOC in soils of different regions increases gradually with the increase of soil depth. The main reason is that with the increase of soil depth, the decrease of organic carbon is larger than that of planting silicon. (4) the spatial distribution map of soil plant silicon, soil silicon plant and soil total silicon is similar to some extent. At the same time, there was a very significant positive correlation between them (P0.01). Not only the carbon content of plant silicon in some plants is high, but also the soil accumulation ability of plant silicon carbon is strong, which can store more plant silicon carbon. Therefore, the ecosystem of Phyllostachys equisetifolia has important significance in increasing soil stability organic carbon. There was a significant positive correlation between the bamboo age in the sample plot and the soil silicon plant carbon in the surface soil (P0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the altitude of the sample plot and the soil silicon content in the topsoil (P0.05), which indicated that the age and altitude of the bamboo forest in the sample plot were the main factors affecting the soil silicon content in the soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S714

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本文編號(hào)：2440337