貴州高原草海濕地退化對土壤有機碳及酶活性分布的影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-12 19:31
【摘要】：全球變暖是全球面臨的重大環(huán)境問題。濕地由于碳的產(chǎn)生超過了碳的分解成為一個重要的碳庫,在全球碳平衡中具有重要的作用。濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中土壤碳庫的微小變化都可能對大氣CO2濃度產(chǎn)生重大影響。由于人類活動和氣候變化的影響,濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化問題日益加劇。濕地退化可能會導致土壤碳“源”“匯”功能轉化,并產(chǎn)生顯著的生態(tài)環(huán)境效應。本研究以貴州草海濕地為研究對象,通過2015年和2016年兩年的野外監(jiān)測和實驗室分析,對草海濕地不同退化階段土壤有機碳及其活性組分和土壤胞外酶活性的時空分布特征進行了研究,找出了影響濕地土壤有機碳和胞外酶活性分布的生態(tài)因子,探討了土壤酚類物質、有機碳及酶活性的關系。主要研究結果如下:(1)草海濕地可分為四個退化階段分別為,深水區(qū)、淺水區(qū)、沼澤區(qū)和草甸區(qū)。濕地退化導致土壤有機碳庫大幅降低,在2015年表層有機碳含量平均值從243.03 g/kg降至37.35 g/kg,在2016年平均值從231.64 g/kg降至19.28 g/kg,草甸區(qū)濕地土壤有機碳略高于沼澤區(qū),沼澤區(qū)干濕交替的土壤條件不利于土壤有機碳的儲存。不同退化階段土壤有機碳及其活性組分剖面分布不盡相同。草海濕地土壤可溶性有機碳(DOC)和易氧化有機碳(EOC)含量隨濕地退化大幅下降,2016年0-10 cm土壤可溶性有機碳平均值從深水區(qū)99.90 mg/kg降至草甸區(qū)20.36 mg/kg,易氧化有機碳平均值從深水區(qū)80.17 g/kg降至草甸區(qū)5.82 g/kg。EOC/SOC比例較大,但DOC/SOC對濕地退化更為敏感。草海濕地土壤有機碳及其活性組分密切相關,且受含水率、pH等理化因子的變化影響。(2)草海濕地土壤多酚氧化酶活性隨濕地退化逐漸升高,具有明顯的季節(jié)性變化,在2016年多酚氧化酶活性由1.12 mg/d/g升至8.76mg/d/g,水解酶活性無明顯的季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律。草海濕地濕地酶活性與土壤p H、含水率及營養(yǎng)元素等理化因子密切相關,土壤多酚氧化酶與水解酶活性的相關關系不顯著。(3)草海濕地土壤酚類物質含量隨濕地退化大幅減少,從10.96g/kg降至0.62 g/kg。不同退化階段土壤酚類物質剖面分布不盡相同,深水區(qū)和淺水區(qū)植被影響剖面分布。草海濕地土壤有機碳與土壤酚類物質呈極顯著正相關關系(P0.01)。土壤有機碳、酚類物質均與土壤氧化酶呈極顯著負相關關系(P0.01)。土壤有機碳、酚類物質均與土壤蔗糖酶、堿性磷酸酶活性呈極顯著正相關關系(P0.01)。土壤干旱復氧,多酚氧化酶活性增強,酚類物質含量減少,但水解酶活性并未隨濕地退化提高,與土壤碳儲存的“酶鎖”機制不完全相符。
[Abstract]:Global warming is a major environmental problem facing the world. Wetland becomes an important carbon pool because the carbon production exceeds the decomposition of carbon and plays an important role in the global carbon balance. The small changes of soil carbon pool in wetland ecosystem may have a significant impact on atmospheric CO2 concentration. Due to the impact of human activities and climate change, wetland ecosystem degradation is becoming more and more serious. Wetland degradation may lead to the transformation of "source" and "sink" function of soil carbon and produce significant ecological and environmental effects. In this study, Guizhou Caohai Wetland was studied through field monitoring and laboratory analysis in 2015 and 2016. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and its active components and soil extracellular enzyme activity in different degradation stages of Caohai wetland were studied, and the ecological factors affecting the distribution of soil organic carbon and extracellular enzyme activity were found out. The relationship among phenol, organic carbon and enzyme activity in soil was discussed. The main results are as follows: (1) Caohai wetland can be divided into four degradation stages, namely, deep water area, shallow water area, swamp area and meadow area. Wetland degradation has led to a significant decrease in the soil organic carbon pool, from an average of 243.03 g/kg to 37.35 g / kg in 2015 and from 231.64 g/kg to 19.28 g / kg in 2016. The soil organic carbon was slightly higher in the meadow area than in the swamp area, and the soil conditions of dry-wet alternation in the swamp area were not conducive to the storage of soil organic carbon. The profile distribution of soil organic carbon and its active components was different in different degradation stages. The contents of soluble organic carbon (DOC) and oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) in soil of Caohai wetland decreased significantly with the degradation of wetland. The average content of soluble organic carbon in soil of 0 / 10 cm decreased from 99.90 mg/kg in deep water area to 20.36 mg/kg, in meadow area in 2016. The average oxidizable organic carbon decreased from 80.17 g/kg in deep water to 5.82 g/kg.EOC/SOC in meadow, but DOC/SOC was more sensitive to wetland degradation. Caohai wetland soil organic carbon and its active components are closely related, and affected by the changes of water content, pH and other physical and chemical factors. (2) the soil polyphenol oxidase activity of Caohai wetland increased gradually with wetland degradation, and had obvious seasonal changes. In 2016, the activity of polyphenol oxidase increased from 1.12 mg/d/g to 8.76 mg / kg, and the activity of hydrolase had no obvious seasonal variation. The enzyme activity was closely related to the soil pH, water content and nutrient elements, and the enzyme activity was closely related to the soil pH, water content and nutrient elements. The relationship between soil polyphenol oxidase and hydrolase activity was not significant. (3) with the degradation of wetland, the content of phenol in soil decreased greatly, from 10.96g/kg to 0.62g / kg 路kg ~ (- 1). The distribution of phenolics in different degradation stages is different, and the distribution of vegetation in deep and shallow water areas is different. There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon and phenolics in Caohai wetland (P0.01). Soil organic carbon and phenol were negatively correlated with soil oxidase (P0.01). Soil organic carbon and phenols were positively correlated with soil invertase and alkaline phosphatase activities (P0.01). Under drought and reoxygenation, the polyphenol oxidase activity increased and the phenol content decreased, but the hydrolase activity did not increase with the degradation of wetland, which was not consistent with the "enzyme locking" mechanism of soil carbon storage.
【學位授予單位】：貴州師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S153.6;S154.2
本文編號：2439083
[Abstract]:Global warming is a major environmental problem facing the world. Wetland becomes an important carbon pool because the carbon production exceeds the decomposition of carbon and plays an important role in the global carbon balance. The small changes of soil carbon pool in wetland ecosystem may have a significant impact on atmospheric CO2 concentration. Due to the impact of human activities and climate change, wetland ecosystem degradation is becoming more and more serious. Wetland degradation may lead to the transformation of "source" and "sink" function of soil carbon and produce significant ecological and environmental effects. In this study, Guizhou Caohai Wetland was studied through field monitoring and laboratory analysis in 2015 and 2016. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and its active components and soil extracellular enzyme activity in different degradation stages of Caohai wetland were studied, and the ecological factors affecting the distribution of soil organic carbon and extracellular enzyme activity were found out. The relationship among phenol, organic carbon and enzyme activity in soil was discussed. The main results are as follows: (1) Caohai wetland can be divided into four degradation stages, namely, deep water area, shallow water area, swamp area and meadow area. Wetland degradation has led to a significant decrease in the soil organic carbon pool, from an average of 243.03 g/kg to 37.35 g / kg in 2015 and from 231.64 g/kg to 19.28 g / kg in 2016. The soil organic carbon was slightly higher in the meadow area than in the swamp area, and the soil conditions of dry-wet alternation in the swamp area were not conducive to the storage of soil organic carbon. The profile distribution of soil organic carbon and its active components was different in different degradation stages. The contents of soluble organic carbon (DOC) and oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) in soil of Caohai wetland decreased significantly with the degradation of wetland. The average content of soluble organic carbon in soil of 0 / 10 cm decreased from 99.90 mg/kg in deep water area to 20.36 mg/kg, in meadow area in 2016. The average oxidizable organic carbon decreased from 80.17 g/kg in deep water to 5.82 g/kg.EOC/SOC in meadow, but DOC/SOC was more sensitive to wetland degradation. Caohai wetland soil organic carbon and its active components are closely related, and affected by the changes of water content, pH and other physical and chemical factors. (2) the soil polyphenol oxidase activity of Caohai wetland increased gradually with wetland degradation, and had obvious seasonal changes. In 2016, the activity of polyphenol oxidase increased from 1.12 mg/d/g to 8.76 mg / kg, and the activity of hydrolase had no obvious seasonal variation. The enzyme activity was closely related to the soil pH, water content and nutrient elements, and the enzyme activity was closely related to the soil pH, water content and nutrient elements. The relationship between soil polyphenol oxidase and hydrolase activity was not significant. (3) with the degradation of wetland, the content of phenol in soil decreased greatly, from 10.96g/kg to 0.62g / kg 路kg ~ (- 1). The distribution of phenolics in different degradation stages is different, and the distribution of vegetation in deep and shallow water areas is different. There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon and phenolics in Caohai wetland (P0.01). Soil organic carbon and phenol were negatively correlated with soil oxidase (P0.01). Soil organic carbon and phenols were positively correlated with soil invertase and alkaline phosphatase activities (P0.01). Under drought and reoxygenation, the polyphenol oxidase activity increased and the phenol content decreased, but the hydrolase activity did not increase with the degradation of wetland, which was not consistent with the "enzyme locking" mechanism of soil carbon storage.
【學位授予單位】：貴州師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S153.6;S154.2
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