【摘要】：近年來,安徽省建設(shè)了眾多監(jiān)測水土流失的徑流小區(qū),積累了大量自然地理、氣象、徑流侵蝕等資料。據(jù)些資料進行分析,力求得到在安徽省具有普遍性的水土流失規(guī)律,并用于指導(dǎo)水土保持的建設(shè)與管理工作,是徑流小區(qū)建設(shè)后續(xù)最重要工作之一和意義所在。同時,尋求一個適用于安徽省地區(qū),準(zhǔn)確有效的土壤侵蝕預(yù)報模型,從而為安徽省制定有效水土流失治理方案,解決安徽省水土流失問題具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。為了揭示安徽省土壤侵蝕的一般規(guī)律,本文從不同空間尺度,探討整合分析方法和WEPP模型在安徽省徑流侵蝕中的應(yīng)用。在面的層面上,整合安徽省各徑流小區(qū)的徑流侵蝕數(shù)據(jù);在點的層面上,探討WEPP模型坡面版在安徽省徑流侵蝕研究中的適用性。論文主要成果如下:1、根據(jù)安徽省部分徑流小區(qū)資料,基于整合分析原理,利用Review Managers軟件,從下墊面、坡度條件、土地利用方式、水土保持措施等方面進行了整合分析,探討了不同因素對安徽省徑流侵蝕的影響。2、論證了整合分析方法在水土保持領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的合理性;分析結(jié)果表明:在農(nóng)地、園地、林地、草地這四種土地利用方式中,農(nóng)地對徑流侵蝕減弱的效應(yīng)值最低;在順坡種植、等高種植、草灌/糧間作、坡改梯這四種水土保持耕作方式中,順坡種植對徑流侵蝕減弱的效應(yīng)值最低,坡改梯的最高;在5?-10?、10?-15?、15?-20?、20?-25?四種坡度梯度中,隨著坡度的增大,徑流侵蝕效應(yīng)值逐漸增加。同時,北方土石山區(qū)與南方紅壤區(qū)表現(xiàn)出來的土壤侵蝕規(guī)律,存在異同點。雖然兩種水力侵蝕類型下呈現(xiàn)出來的不同土地利用對徑流減弱的大體規(guī)律相同,均為林地草地園地農(nóng)地,但是,北方土石山區(qū)相較與南方紅壤區(qū)對徑流減弱的效果更為明顯。3、以下墊面為研究重心,評價了不同土地利用方式、不同水土保持措施、不同坡度下WEPP模型在安徽省徑路侵蝕研究中的適用性,研究結(jié)果表明:在園地、農(nóng)地、林地三種不同的土地利用條件下,模型對園地小區(qū)模擬結(jié)果最好。三種不同的土地利用類型小區(qū)的徑流量與侵蝕量模擬結(jié)果ME值均大于0.5。在順坡種植與坡改梯兩種不同的水土保持措施條件下,模型對順坡種植小區(qū)模擬結(jié)果優(yōu)于坡改梯。在5°、13°、19°、23°四中不同坡度條件下,模型對5°小區(qū)模擬效果最好,對23°的模擬效果最差,且隨著坡度的增大,模型模擬的有效性逐步降低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Anhui Province has built a large number of runoff plots to monitor soil and water loss, and accumulated a large number of physical geography, meteorology, runoff erosion and other data. It is one of the most important work and significance to guide the construction and management of soil and water conservation in Anhui Province by analyzing the data and trying to get the universal law of soil and water loss in Anhui Province. At the same time, it is of great significance to seek an accurate and effective soil erosion forecast model which is suitable for Anhui Province, so as to make effective soil and water loss control scheme and solve the soil erosion problem in Anhui Province. In order to reveal the general law of soil erosion in Anhui Province, this paper discusses the application of integrated analysis method and WEPP model in runoff erosion in Anhui Province from different spatial scales. At the surface level, the runoff erosion data of each runoff plot in Anhui Province were integrated, and the applicability of the slope version of WEPP model in runoff erosion study in Anhui Province was discussed at the point level. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: 1. Based on the data of some runoff plots in Anhui Province, based on the principle of integration analysis and using Review Managers software, the integration analysis is carried out from the aspects of underlying surface, slope condition, land use mode, soil and water conservation measures, and so on. The influence of different factors on runoff erosion in Anhui Province was discussed. 2. The rationality of the application of integrated analysis method in the field of soil and water conservation was demonstrated. The results show that among the four land use modes, farmland, garden, woodland and grassland, the effect of farmland on runoff erosion is the lowest. In the four soil and water conservation tillage methods of slope planting, equal height planting, grass irrigation / grain intercropping, slope changing ladder, the effect value of slope planting on the weakening of runoff erosion is the lowest, and the slope changing ladder is the highest. At 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25? Among the four gradient gradients, with the increase of slope, the value of runoff erosion effect increases gradually. At the same time, there are similarities and differences in the law of soil erosion between the northern and southern red soil regions. Although different land use under the two types of hydraulic erosion has the same general law of decreasing runoff, they are both woodland, grassland and garden farmland, but, Compared with the red soil area in the south, the effect of runoff weakening in the north of the soil-rock mountain area is more obvious. 3, the following surface is the research center of gravity, and the different land use modes and different soil and water conservation measures are evaluated, and different soil and water conservation measures are evaluated. The applicability of WEPP model in the study of road erosion in Anhui Province under different gradients is studied. The results show that under three different land use conditions: garden land, farmland and woodland, the model has the best simulation results for garden plot. The simulated results of runoff and erosion in three different land use types are all more than 0.5. The ME value of the runoff and erosion of the three different land use types is more than 0.5. Under the conditions of soil and water conservation measures of slope planting and slope upgrading, the simulation results of slope planting plot are better than those of slope transformation from slope to ladder. Under different slope conditions of 5 擄, 13 擄, 19 擄and 23 擄, the model has the best simulation effect for 5 擄cell and the worst for 23 擄, and with the increase of slope, the effectiveness of model simulation decreases gradually.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157

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