【摘要】：南方紅壤區(qū)坡耕地具有集中連片、水熱光能條件優(yōu)越、便于開發(fā)利用等特點。大規(guī)模的坡耕地開發(fā)利用,在缺乏有效的水土保持措施的情況下,易造成嚴重的水土流失。小流域水土流失綜合治理是一項涉及面廣、綜合性強的系統(tǒng)工程,在減少江河湖庫的泥沙淤積、改善農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件、發(fā)展生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)、調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結構、促進社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等方面取得了顯著的成效�？陀^、科學地評價小流域的水土保持生態(tài)、社會和經(jīng)濟綜合效益,不僅能客觀地評價水土流失治理對農(nóng)業(yè)和國民經(jīng)濟宏觀發(fā)展的意義、治理策略和方法的適用性、治理措施的有效性和可靠性等多個方面,同時也為管理者的決策、促進治理的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供重要依據(jù)[12]。本文以修水縣汪坪小流域為例,通過綜合調(diào)查、定位觀測和無人機低空攝影測量等多種技術手段和方法,對小流域基本情況、水土流失及其影響因子、水土保持措施、蓄水保土效益、經(jīng)濟效益、社會效益、生態(tài)效益和水土保持措施增產(chǎn)效益等進行觀測,分析南方紅壤區(qū)小流域生態(tài)建設過程中的水土保持效益。分析結果表明:(1)通過綜合治理措施的實施,小流域的綜合效益明顯,小流域內(nèi)的水土流失面積大幅減少,水土流失程度逐漸降低;(2)實驗區(qū)實施的水保林、經(jīng)果林、封禁林、坡改梯和保土耕作措施等種水土保持措施中,水土保持措施的保水保土量從大到小依次為:水保林經(jīng)濟林和坡改梯封禁林保土耕作;(3)實驗區(qū)內(nèi)有措施區(qū)域土壤養(yǎng)分含量均高于荒坡地(對照)。土壤有機質、全氮、全磷含量以封禁治理措施土壤最高,而保土耕作措施土壤速效磷、速效氮含量最高;(4)汪坪小流域經(jīng)過綜合治理后,土地利用結構趨于合理,農(nóng)業(yè)內(nèi)部經(jīng)濟結構比例趨于協(xié)調(diào),小流域措施增收值共計約253.65萬元。
[Abstract]:The sloping cultivated land in the red soil area of the south has the characteristics of concentrated connection, good water-heat and light conditions, and is convenient for development and utilization. The development and utilization of large-scale slope land can cause serious soil and water loss in the absence of effective soil and water conservation measures. The comprehensive treatment of water and soil loss in the small river basin is a systematic project involving a wide range and a strong comprehensive nature, and has made remarkable achievements in reducing the siltation of the river and lake bank, improving the agricultural production conditions, developing the ecological agriculture, adjusting the industrial structure and promoting the social and economic development. objective and scientific evaluation of the ecological, social and economic benefits of water and soil conservation in small watersheds, not only can objectively evaluate the significance of the water and soil erosion control to the macro-development of agriculture and the national economy, the applicability of the management strategies and methods, the effectiveness and the reliability of the governance measures, etc., It also provides an important basis for the decision-making of managers and the sustainable development of governance. In this paper, the basic conditions, water and soil loss and its influencing factors, water and soil conservation measures, water and soil conservation benefit, economic benefit and social benefit of the small watershed are studied by means of comprehensive investigation, location observation and low-altitude photogrammetry of the unmanned aerial vehicle as an example. The benefit of soil and water conservation in the process of ecological construction of the small watershed in the south of the south is analyzed by observing the ecological benefits and the benefit of the water and soil conservation measures. The results show that: (1) Through the implementation of the comprehensive treatment measures, the comprehensive benefit of the small watershed is obvious, the area of water and soil loss in the small watershed is greatly reduced, and the degree of water and soil loss is gradually reduced; (2) The water-conserving forest in the experimental area, through the fruit forest and the forbidden forest, The water and soil conservation measures of water and soil conservation measures in the soil and water conservation measures such as the slope-changing ladder and the soil-retaining cultivation measures are as follows: the water-conserving forest economic forest and the slope-changing ladder seal-and-soil conservation tillage; and (3) the soil nutrient content of the measures in the experimental area is higher than that of the waste slope (control). The soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil are the highest in the control measures, while the soil available phosphorus and the quick-acting nitrogen content of the soil conservation tillage measures are the highest; and (4) after the comprehensive treatment of the Wangping small watershed, the land-use structure tends to be reasonable, and the proportion of the economic structure in the agriculture tends to be coordinated, The total income of small watershed measures is about 253.65 million yuan.
【學位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157

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