【摘要】：通過田間試驗(yàn),在大豆和冬小麥生長(zhǎng)季,進(jìn)行常規(guī)翻耕(conventional tillage,T)、免耕(no-tillage with no straw cover,NT)、常規(guī)翻耕+秸稈(conventional tillage with straw cover,TS)、免耕+秸稈(no-till with straw cover,NTS)4種耕作措施處理,采用靜態(tài)箱-氣相色譜法測(cè)定土壤-作物系統(tǒng)CO_2和N_2O排放通量.結(jié)果表明:在大豆生長(zhǎng)季,與T相比,NTS在開花-結(jié)莢期顯著增加了CO_2累積排放量(P=0.045),增幅達(dá)27.9%;NT在鼓粒-成熟期顯著降低了CO_2累積排放量(P=0.043),降幅達(dá)28.9%.與T相比,NT在鼓粒-成熟期的N_2O累積排放量降低了28.3%(P=0.042).在冬小麥生長(zhǎng)季,與T相比,TS、NT在拔節(jié)-孕穗期使CO_2累積排放量降低了24.3%(P=0.032)和36.0%(P=0.041),在成熟期降低了26.8%(P=0.027)和33.1%(P=0.038).在返青期,NT、NTS、TS的N_2O累積排放量與T比較均沒有明顯差異,NTS比NT的N_2O累積排放量降低了42.0%(P=0.035).可見,保護(hù)性耕作措施對(duì)土壤-作物系統(tǒng)CO2排放的影響較大,對(duì)N2O排放的影響不明顯.
[Abstract]:Through field experiments, conventional tillage (conventional tillage,T), no-tillage (no-tillage with no straw cover,NT), conventional tillage straw (conventional tillage with straw cover,TS) and no-tillage straw (no-till with straw cover,) were carried out in soybean and winter wheat growing season. NTS). The emission fluxes of CO_2 and N2O from soil-crop system were determined by static box-gas chromatography. The results showed that, compared with T, NTS significantly increased the cumulative CO_2 emission (P0. 045) in flowering and pod setting stage, and increased by 27. 9% in soybean growing season. NT significantly decreased the cumulative CO_2 emissions (P0. 043) during granulation-maturation, by 28. 9%. Compared with T, the cumulative emission of N2O in NT was reduced by 28.3% (P0. 042) at the stage of granulation and maturation. In winter wheat growing season, compared with T, TS,NT reduced cumulative CO_2 emissions by 24.3% (P0. 032) and 36. 0% (P0. 041) at jointing and booting stage, respectively. At the mature stage, it decreased 26.8% (P0. 027) and 33. 1% (P0. 038). The cumulative emission of N2O in NT,NTS,TS was not significantly different from that in T, and the cumulative emission of N2O in NTS was 42.0% lower than that in NT (P0. 035). It can be seen that conservation tillage has great influence on CO2 emission from soil-crop system, but not on N2O emission.
【作者單位】： 南京信息工程大學(xué)氣象災(zāi)害預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警與評(píng)估協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心;南京信息工程大學(xué)應(yīng)用氣象學(xué)院;南京信息工程大學(xué)江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)氣象重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41175136,41375006) 江蘇省大學(xué)生實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(201510300014) 江蘇省高�！扒嗨{(lán)工程”項(xiàng)目(2014) 江蘇省“六大人才高峰”項(xiàng)目(2014-NY-015)
【分類號(hào)】：S565.1;S512.11;X712

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