【摘要】：采用人工降雨方法,研究了不同降雨強(qiáng)度和坡度對(duì)亞熱帶闊葉林土壤坡面產(chǎn)沙產(chǎn)流及養(yǎng)分流失的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)在不同降雨強(qiáng)度下,初始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間隨坡度的增加趨于提前,隨降雨強(qiáng)度的增大產(chǎn)流時(shí)間提前,降雨強(qiáng)度對(duì)初始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間的影響大于坡度變化的影響。(2)在同一坡度條件下,產(chǎn)流強(qiáng)度和平均入滲強(qiáng)度隨降雨強(qiáng)度的增加而增加;曲線擬合的結(jié)果表明產(chǎn)流強(qiáng)度隨時(shí)間遵循冪函數(shù)變化規(guī)律,而坡面入滲強(qiáng)度隨時(shí)間呈對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)變化。(3)不同降雨強(qiáng)度下,徑流量隨降雨歷時(shí)的變化趨勢(shì)基本一致,徑流量均隨降雨歷時(shí)呈"增加—穩(wěn)定"趨勢(shì),在整個(gè)降雨過(guò)程中,徑流量隨坡度的增加而增加,相同坡度下,徑流量隨著降雨量的增加而增加;降雨初始時(shí)刻,坡度對(duì)徑流量的影響較小,而在降雨后期,降雨強(qiáng)度和坡度對(duì)徑流量的影響較大;產(chǎn)流率與徑流量的變化趨勢(shì)相反,隨降雨歷時(shí)呈"降低—穩(wěn)定"趨勢(shì),在整個(gè)降雨過(guò)程中,土壤產(chǎn)流率隨坡度的增加而降低,在相同坡度下,產(chǎn)流率隨著降雨量的增加而增加。(4)侵蝕泥沙量的變化特征表現(xiàn)為坡度越大,坡面侵蝕泥沙的流失量越大;泥沙侵蝕量隨降雨歷時(shí)的增加而增加,在降雨10min左右達(dá)到峰值;在相同坡度和降雨歷時(shí)下,泥沙侵蝕量隨降雨強(qiáng)度的增加而增加;不同坡度下的侵蝕泥沙量在峰值前后與產(chǎn)流歷時(shí)均呈乘幕函數(shù)變化,不同坡度下侵蝕泥沙養(yǎng)分含量與產(chǎn)流歷時(shí)間的關(guān)系均可用冪函數(shù)表達(dá)。(5)不同坡度條件下,泥沙量與侵蝕泥沙中養(yǎng)分的含量均存在不同程度的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,其中坡度為15°,20°和25°時(shí),侵蝕泥沙養(yǎng)分含量與泥沙流失量間的相關(guān)性明顯優(yōu)于坡度為5°和10°時(shí),說(shuō)明侵蝕泥沙量的增加會(huì)引起泥沙中各類養(yǎng)分含量的增加效應(yīng),而不同坡度下的全磷與侵蝕量沒(méi)有顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:The effects of different rainfall intensity and slope on sediment yield and nutrient loss in subtropical broadleaved forest were studied by artificial rainfall method. The results are as follows: (1) under different rainfall intensity, the initial runoff yield time tends to advance with the increase of slope, and the runoff generation time increases with the increase of rainfall intensity. The effect of rainfall intensity on the initial runoff yield time is greater than that on the slope change. (2) under the same slope condition, the runoff yield intensity and the average infiltration intensity increase with the increase of rainfall intensity. The curve fitting results show that the runoff yield intensity follows the law of power function with time, while the infiltration intensity of slope surface changes with time logarithmic function. (3) under different rainfall intensity, the variation trend of runoff with rainfall duration is basically the same. In the whole rainfall process, the runoff increased with the increase of the slope, and the runoff increased with the increase of rainfall at the same slope. At the beginning of rainfall, the effect of slope on runoff is small, but in the later stage of rainfall, the influence of rainfall intensity and slope on runoff is greater. The trend of runoff yield is opposite to that of runoff. With the duration of rainfall, the runoff yield of soil decreases with the increase of slope, and with the same slope, the runoff yield of soil decreases with the increase of slope. The runoff yield increases with the increase of rainfall. (4) the change characteristic of erosion sediment quantity is that the bigger the slope is, the larger the erosion sediment loss is; The amount of sediment erosion increases with the increase of rainfall duration, and reaches the peak value at the 10min of rainfall, and increases with the increase of rainfall intensity under the same slope and duration. Under different slopes, the amount of erosion sediment varies with the peak value and the duration of runoff, and the relationship between the nutrient content of erosion sediment and the time of runoff under different slopes can be expressed by power function. (5) under different slope conditions, the relationship between the nutrient content of eroded sediment and the time of runoff yield can be expressed by power function. There was a positive correlation between sediment content and nutrient content in eroded sediment. When the slope was 15 擄, 20 擄and 25 擄, the correlation between sediment nutrient content and sediment loss was better than that in 5 擄and 10 擄slope. The results showed that the increase of sediment amount would cause the increase of nutrient content in sediment, but there was no significant correlation between total phosphorus and erosion at different slopes (P0.05).
【作者單位】： 長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)水利工程學(xué)院;湖南國(guó)地水利水電設(shè)計(jì)咨詢有限公司;中國(guó)科學(xué)院亞熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所亞熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)過(guò)程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：湖南省水利廳創(chuàng)新課題項(xiàng)目(ASX-2014011) 湖南省科技廳課題項(xiàng)目(2014-0306)
【分類號(hào)】：S714.7

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 白清俊,劉亞相;流域坡面綜合產(chǎn)流數(shù)學(xué)模型的研究[J];土壤侵蝕與水土保持學(xué)報(bào);1999年03期

2 袁建平,蔣定生,甘淑;影響坡地降雨產(chǎn)流歷時(shí)的因子分析[J];山地學(xué)報(bào);1999年03期

3 宮淵波;陳林武;張健;羅承德;;嘉陵江上游低山暴雨區(qū)植被恢復(fù)對(duì)溝道產(chǎn)流的影響研究[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2009年04期

4 ;[J];;年期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 宋孝玉;黃土溝壑區(qū)不同下墊面條件對(duì)農(nóng)田降雨入滲及產(chǎn)流關(guān)系影響的研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2001年

2 劉剛才;紫色土坡耕地的降雨產(chǎn)流機(jī)制及產(chǎn)流后土壤水分的變化特征[D];四川大學(xué);2002年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 高軍俠;黃土高原坡耕地超滲產(chǎn)流及作用研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2002年

，

本文編號(hào)：2412110