【摘要】：紅壤是我國重要的土地資源,由于人為和自然的原因,紅壤區(qū)存在許多陡坡地甚至急陡坡地,造成紅壤區(qū)土壤流失嚴(yán)重,生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)急劇增大。目前我國對于紅壤區(qū)急陡坡條件下土壤侵蝕特征的認(rèn)識還不夠深入,有待進(jìn)一步研究。本論文以紅壤為研究對象,在室內(nèi)人工模擬降雨條件下研究了紅壤區(qū)急陡坡條件下水動力學(xué)參數(shù)特征、徑流侵蝕特征及擊濺侵蝕特征,從而進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識了紅壤區(qū)急陡坡條件下土壤侵蝕規(guī)律。研究結(jié)論如下:(1)在試驗(yàn)坡度范圍內(nèi)水動力學(xué)參數(shù)變化特征:徑流量隨坡度的增大而逐漸減少;徑流流速隨坡度的增加先增加后減少;徑流深隨坡度的增加而減少;水流流態(tài)為層流范疇內(nèi)的緩流。雨強(qiáng)為60mm/h時徑流剪切力隨坡度的增加先減少后增加;雨強(qiáng)為90、120mm/h時徑流剪切力隨坡度的增加先增加后減少再增加。(2)在試驗(yàn)坡度范圍內(nèi),徑流侵蝕量隨坡度的變大先減少后增加。擊濺侵蝕量在36°以前隨坡度變化平緩,基本保持不變,36°以后擊濺侵蝕量迅速增加。(3)紅壤區(qū)急陡坡條件下,隨坡度變化土壤侵蝕侵蝕形式發(fā)生了變化,36°以前以徑流侵蝕為主,36°以后以擊濺侵蝕為主。(4)試驗(yàn)研究范圍內(nèi)存在2個臨界坡度,一個為極大值臨界坡度,一個為極小值臨界坡度。雨強(qiáng)為60mm/h時,極小值臨界坡度在36°附近;雨強(qiáng)為90、120mm/h時,極大值臨界坡度在27°附近,極小值臨界坡度在36°附近。
[Abstract]:Red soil is an important land resource in China. Because of man-made and natural reasons, there are many steep slopes or even steep slopes in red soil region, which results in serious soil loss and rapid increase of ecological risk in red soil region. At present, the understanding of the characteristics of soil erosion in red soil region under steep and steep slope conditions is not deep enough and needs further study. In this paper, the characteristics of hydrodynamic parameters, runoff erosion and splash erosion were studied under the condition of artificial rainfall in red soil. Therefore, the law of soil erosion under steep and steep slope conditions in red soil region is further understood. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the variation characteristics of hydrodynamic parameters in the range of experimental slope are as follows: runoff decreases gradually with the increase of slope, runoff velocity increases first and then decreases with the increase of slope, runoff depth decreases with the increase of slope; The flow pattern of water is a slow flow in the range of laminar flow. When the rainfall intensity is 60mm/h, the runoff shear stress decreases first and then increases with the increase of slope. When the rainfall intensity is 90120mm/h, the runoff shear stress increases first and then decreases with the increase of slope. (2) in the range of experimental slope, runoff erosion decreases first and then increases with the increase of slope. After 36 擄, the amount of splash erosion increased rapidly after 36 擄. (3) under the condition of steep slope in red soil area, the soil erosion form changed with the slope. Runoff erosion was dominant before 36 擄and splash erosion after 36 擄. (4) there are two critical slopes in the range of experimental study, one is maximum critical slope, the other is minimum critical slope. When the rain intensity is 60mm/h, the minimum critical gradient is about 36 擄, and when the rain intensity is 90120mm/h, the maximum critical gradient is about 27 擄and the minimum critical gradient is about 36 擄.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S157.1

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