【摘要】：參照OSL測年和考古與歷史學斷代,利用黃土—土壤剖面沉積物中炭屑和黑碳(焦炭和煙炱)記錄,結合磁化率、有機碳等古環(huán)境指標,揭示過去12000年火災歷史演變過程。炭屑和黑碳濃度研究結果表明:全新世早期區(qū)域野火活動頻繁發(fā)生,中期火災很少,晚期本地火災頻率呈現增長態(tài)勢。黑碳(煙炱和焦炭)和炭屑分析呈現不平行變化趨勢,可能是生物質燃燒的物質排放方式和傳輸過程的區(qū)域差異引起。距今3500~2800年間,黑碳和炭屑顆粒濃度峰值與全新世短尺度惡化氣候事件具有明顯同步性;同期,先周人部落大規(guī)模土地開墾發(fā)展旱作農業(yè)活動加劇。黃土高原千年尺度火災變化與季風氣候變化之間的關系表明:全新世以來,野火頻率變化取決于區(qū)域氣候有效濕度和人類土地利用及其對氣候變化的響應。
[Abstract]:Referring to OSL dating and archaeological and historical dating, the history of fire in the past 12 years was revealed by using the records of carbon debris and black carbon (coke and soot) in the loess soil profile, combined with magnetic susceptibility, organic carbon and other paleoenvironmental indicators. The results of the study on carbon and black carbon concentration show that the wildfires occurred frequently in the early Holocene, and there were few wildfires in the middle stage, and the local fire frequency in the late period showed an increasing trend. Black carbon (soot and coke) and carbon debris analysis showed a non-parallel trend, which may be caused by the regional differences in the emission patterns and transport processes of biomass combustion. During the period of 3 500 ~ 2800, the peak concentration of black carbon and carbon particles was synchronic with the short scale deterioration of climate events in Holocene, and in the same period, the large-scale land reclamation and dryland farming activities of the people of Qianzhou were intensified. The relationship between the millennium scale fire change and the monsoon climate change in the Loess Plateau shows that the variation of wildfire frequency since Holocene depends on the regional climate effective humidity human land use and its response to climate change.
【作者單位】： 西安工程大學環(huán)境與化學工程學院;中國科學院地球環(huán)境研究所黃土與地質國家重點實驗室;南京信息工程大學海洋科學學院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金項目(41271228) 黃土與第四紀國家重點實驗室開放基金(No.SKLLQG1518) 西安工程大學科研項目(No.KJ2013-0383)資助
【分類號】：S151.9

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