【摘要】：研究河流輸沙量具有重要的理論和實踐意義。近60年在氣候變化和人類活動日益增強的背景下,全球眾多河流輸沙量都發(fā)生顯著變化�；谌蚝恿鬏斏沉繑�(shù)據(jù)庫和區(qū)域河流輸沙量研究成果,從全球尺度對全球河流輸沙量現(xiàn)狀、輸沙量空間分布格局及其影響因素、輸沙量變化及其影響因素3方面進(jìn)行分析研究。結(jié)果表明:(1)全球河流年均總輸沙量在2×10~(10) t左右,對全球主要36條河流輸沙量數(shù)據(jù)分析表明大多數(shù)河流輸沙量顯著減少;(2)地質(zhì)地貌條件是河流輸沙量控制性因素,氣象水文條件和人類活動對河流間輸沙量差異的貢獻(xiàn)大致相當(dāng);(3)對各氣候帶的代表性河流研究表明,相比較氣候變化,全球河流輸沙量變化主要受人類活動的影響。未來全球河流總輸沙量會因人類活動尤其是大壩建設(shè)的影響而繼續(xù)減少。
[Abstract]:It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the sediment discharge of rivers. Under the background of climate change and increasing human activities in the past 60 years, the sediment discharge of many rivers has changed significantly in the world. Based on the global river sediment transport database and the research results of regional river sediment discharge, the present situation of global river sediment discharge, the spatial distribution pattern of sediment discharge and its influencing factors are analyzed from the global scale. The change of sediment discharge and its influencing factors were analyzed and studied in 3 aspects. The results are as follows: (1) the annual total sediment discharge of global rivers is about 2 脳 10 ~ (10) t. (2) the geological and geomorphological conditions are the controlling factors of river sediment discharge, and the contribution of meteorological and hydrological conditions and human activities to the difference of sediment discharge between rivers is approximately equal; (3) the study of representative rivers in different climatic zones shows that compared with climate change, the change of global river sediment transport is mainly affected by human activities. In the future, the total sediment discharge of global rivers will continue to decrease due to the impact of human activities, especially dam construction.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點實驗室;中國科學(xué)院水利部水土保持研究所;
【基金】：中國科學(xué)院百人計劃項目“黃土高原流域水循環(huán)研究”(2011009)
【分類號】：S157

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