【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的粗放的不科學(xué)的施肥方式使農(nóng)業(yè)土壤性狀惡化進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化。采用測(cè)土配方施肥技術(shù)通過測(cè)定土壤養(yǎng)分含量,計(jì)算作物需肥量,做到按需施肥,不僅降低了栽培作物時(shí)過量施肥現(xiàn)象,將土壤中的化肥殘存量減少,減輕了過量施肥對(duì)土壤性狀的破壞,改善了農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境,進(jìn)而改善作物品質(zhì),還降低農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本,實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收,達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)、社會(huì)效益相統(tǒng)一。在提高工作效率和測(cè)土配方施肥技術(shù)的覆蓋面方面,信息化技術(shù)是重要的技術(shù)手段。而信息技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用,特別是配方施肥系統(tǒng)將全面改善農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中粗放的不科學(xué)的施肥方式,大大提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中肥料的量化和精準(zhǔn)化程度,使農(nóng)業(yè)耕作由粗放向集約化、精準(zhǔn)化方向發(fā)展,將信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用于測(cè)土配方施肥技術(shù)中也是農(nóng)業(yè)信息進(jìn)村的有益嘗試。建立的寧安市測(cè)土配方施肥系統(tǒng)解決了施肥工作中屬性數(shù)據(jù)綜合管理難、配方方案?jìng)鞑ゼ捌占半y的問題,其施肥水平精準(zhǔn)性和農(nóng)業(yè)作物生產(chǎn)效率得到了很大的提升,加快了傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代信息農(nóng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型,并在耕地養(yǎng)分管理技術(shù)方面,提供了現(xiàn)實(shí)的指導(dǎo)意義。本文以可視化的編程語言C#和GIS軟件ArcGIS Server為基礎(chǔ),以寧安市為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)計(jì)縣域測(cè)土配方施肥系統(tǒng),研究的主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)土壤養(yǎng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的分析與處理獲取土壤養(yǎng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)后,首先要對(duì)這些基本數(shù)據(jù)作出簡(jiǎn)單的處理,接著要判斷搜集到的數(shù)據(jù)是否符合要求,將符合要求的保留而不符合要求的要進(jìn)行剔除,其檢驗(yàn)判斷內(nèi)容包括異常值檢測(cè)、趨勢(shì)分析、空間自相關(guān)性及方向效應(yīng)檢測(cè)。土壤各類養(yǎng)分空間分布圖是基于Kriging插值技術(shù)生成的。(2)配方施肥系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫建立在構(gòu)建配方施肥系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫前要首先對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行需求分析,確定數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)包含哪些實(shí)體及各實(shí)體之間的相互關(guān)系。配方施肥系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)大體可以分為兩類:地理空間數(shù)據(jù)和輔助資料數(shù)據(jù)。地理空間數(shù)據(jù)庫的構(gòu)建方法是根據(jù)地理空間數(shù)據(jù)模型的規(guī)則來展開構(gòu)建的。地理空間數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的精確管理,輔助資料數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了進(jìn)一步解釋了系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)�；诘谌紺ase工具構(gòu)建項(xiàng)目數(shù)據(jù)的UML模型,生成玉米、大豆、小麥的配方方方案。(3)構(gòu)建測(cè)土配方施肥模型基于“3414”試驗(yàn)方案,模擬設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn),獲取所需的數(shù)據(jù)。分析試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),研究土壤養(yǎng)分施肥模型,確定了本系統(tǒng)施肥模型主要基于養(yǎng)分平衡法來構(gòu)建,隨后運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件SPSS求出模型參數(shù),進(jìn)一步完善模型。(4)寧安市測(cè)土配方施肥系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)與集成寧安市測(cè)土配方施肥系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)平臺(tái)采用ESRI公司產(chǎn)品ArcGIS Server,編程語言使用C#、Java Script網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計(jì)語言,這些開發(fā)平臺(tái)與語言的運(yùn)用使得寧安市測(cè)土配方施肥系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)更合理、更順利。系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用科學(xué)方法制定施肥方案,提供土壤養(yǎng)分、地力評(píng)價(jià)、土壤分布、施肥方案的查詢,促進(jìn)了測(cè)土配方施肥系統(tǒng)的推廣,也使得配方施肥成果真正做到為民所用為民共享。
[Abstract]:The traditional rough and unscientific method of fertilization causes the deterioration of the agricultural soil character and leads to the deterioration of the agricultural ecological environment. The soil nutrient content of the soil is measured by using the soil-measuring formula fertilization technology, the fertilizer amount of the crop is calculated, the fertilizer application is carried out on the basis of the required fertilizer, the fertilizer residual amount in the soil is reduced, the damage to the soil property is reduced, the agricultural ecological environment is improved, the quality of the crops is improved, the production cost of the agriculture is reduced, the production and the income are increased, and the economic, ecological and social benefits are unified. The information technology is an important technical means in improving the working efficiency and measuring the coverage of the soil formula fertilization technology. The wide application of the information technology, in particular the formula fertilization system, will comprehensively improve the unscientific and unscientific fertilization way in the agricultural production, greatly improve the quantitative and precise degree of the fertilizer in the agricultural production, It is also a useful attempt to apply information technology to soil-to-soil formula fertilization. The established fertilization system for the soil-measuring formula of the city of the city solves the problems of difficult comprehensive management of the attribute data in the fertilization work, the propagation of the formula scheme and the difficulty of popularization and the like, the fertilization level accuracy and the agricultural crop production efficiency are greatly improved, the transformation of the traditional agriculture to the modern information agriculture is accelerated, and provides the practical guiding significance in the field of the nutrient management of the cultivated land. Based on the visual programming language C # and GIS software ArcGIS Server, this paper designs a county-level soil-testing formula fertilization system based on the Visual programming language # and GIS software ArcGIS Server. The main contents of this study are as follows: (1) After the analysis and treatment of soil nutrient data get the soil nutrient data, firstly, a simple process is to be carried out on the basic data, Spatial self-correlation and direction effect detection. The spatial distribution of soil nutrients is based on the Kriging interpolation technique. (2) The database of the formula fertilization system is established before the database of the formula fertilization system is constructed, and the database needs to be analyzed firstly, and the relationship between the entities and the entities in the database is determined. The data of the formula fertilization system can be divided into two types: geospatial data and auxiliary data. The construction of the geospatial database is based on the rules of the geospatial data model. The geographic space database realizes the accurate management of the soil nutrient data, and the auxiliary data data realizes the data in the system further. The UML model of project data is constructed based on the third-party Case tool, and the formula of the corn, the soybean and the wheat is generated. and (3) constructing a soil-testing formula fertilization model based on a 鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2399239