秸稈深還對(duì)土壤團(tuán)聚體中腐殖質(zhì)組成與結(jié)構(gòu)特征的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-27 17:35
【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的秸稈還田存在著影響種子發(fā)芽生長(zhǎng)、土壤升溫慢和病蟲害增加等問題。秸稈深還(Deep application of straw,DAS)不僅能解決秸稈焚燒的問題,還能達(dá)到保碳、蓄水、培肥、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的目的,使秸稈還田得到改善。探究秸稈深還對(duì)土壤腐殖質(zhì)的影響,可以為如何提高土地肥力、如何利用秸稈深還創(chuàng)建合理耕層提供理論依據(jù)。本試驗(yàn)以黑土和潮褐土為研究對(duì)象,采用濕篩法將其分為2mm、2~0.25mm、0.25~0.053mm和0.053mm這4個(gè)粒級(jí),通過腐殖質(zhì)組成修改法確定土壤腐殖質(zhì)各組分有機(jī)碳含量,提取土壤胡敏酸(HA)和胡敏素(Hu),通過元素組成、紅外光譜和差熱分析確定HA和Hu的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,從而確定秸稈深還對(duì)土壤團(tuán)聚體中腐殖質(zhì)組成與結(jié)構(gòu)特征的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)黑土和潮褐土優(yōu)勢(shì)粒級(jí)是2~0.25mm粒級(jí),黑土優(yōu)勢(shì)粒級(jí)含量是表層低于亞表層。秸稈深還(DAS)促使黑土優(yōu)勢(shì)粒級(jí)增加,潮褐土2個(gè)大粒級(jí)增加。(2)黑土有機(jī)碳含量一般高于潮褐土。黑土對(duì)照、潮褐土對(duì)照和其深施秸稈800kg/667m2處理中有機(jī)碳含量都是表層高于亞表層。秸稈深還促使黑土和潮褐土中有機(jī)碳含量增加。(3)潮褐土團(tuán)聚體中FA、HA和Hu有機(jī)碳含量最大值分別存在于0.053mm、2~0.25mm和2mm粒級(jí),PQ最大值在2~0.25mm粒級(jí)。隨秸稈深還量的增加,HA、Hu含碳量和PQ由表層大于亞表層變?yōu)楸韺拥陀趤啽韺印＝斩捝钸�有利于亞表層HA和Hu含碳量積累,PQ值升高,腐殖化程度升高,腐殖質(zhì)品質(zhì)得到改善。(4)黑土對(duì)照土壤中HA的含碳量和縮合度高于潮褐土,氧化度低于潮褐土,黑土HA品質(zhì)優(yōu)于潮褐土。潮褐土2~0.25mm粒級(jí)的含碳量最大,氧化度最小;0.053mm粒級(jí)與之相反。與亞表層相比,黑土和潮褐土表層中HA的平均含碳量都高于亞表層,氧化度都低于亞表層,此外黑土縮合度和熱穩(wěn)定性低于亞表層,脂族碳/羧基碳和脂族碳/芳香碳高于亞表層,表層HA的結(jié)構(gòu)更簡(jiǎn)單、年輕。秸稈深還促使黑土和潮褐土HA的氧化度降低,黑土的縮合度和熱穩(wěn)定性下降。(5)黑土Hu的含碳量、縮合度比相應(yīng)的HA高,氧化度較低。秸稈深還促使黑土表層和亞表層團(tuán)聚體中Hu的氧化度和穩(wěn)定性降低,脂族鏈烴減少,活性結(jié)構(gòu)增多,Hu的結(jié)構(gòu)趨于簡(jiǎn)單化、年輕化。
[Abstract]:The traditional straw returning to the field has some problems such as the influence of seed germination, slow soil temperature rise and the increase of diseases and pests. Straw depth and (Deep application of straw,DAS) can not only solve the problem of straw burning, but also achieve the purpose of carbon conservation, water storage, fertilization and stable production, which can improve the return of straw to the field. Exploring the effect of straw depth on soil humus can provide theoretical basis for how to improve soil fertility and how to make use of straw depth to create rational tilling layer. In this experiment, the black soil and the tidal cinnamon soil were divided into four grain-grades of 2mm ~ 2mm ~ 0.25mm ~ 0.25mm ~ 0.25mm ~ 0.053mm and 0.053mm by wet sieve method. The content of organic carbon of soil humus components was determined by humus composition modification method. (HA) and humin (Hu), were extracted from soil by elemental composition, IR and DTA to determine the structural characteristics of HA and Hu, so as to determine the effect of straw depth on the composition and structural characteristics of humus in soil aggregates. The results showed that: (1) the dominant grain-size of black soil and tidal cinnamon soil was 2~0.25mm grade, and the dominant grain-level content of black soil was lower than that of subsurface layer. Straw depth and (DAS) also promoted the increase of dominant grain grade in black soil and the increase of two large grain levels in fluvo-cinnamon soil. (2) the organic carbon content of black soil was generally higher than that of fluvo-cinnamon soil. The content of organic carbon in the black soil, the fluvo-cinnamon soil and the 800kg/667m2 treatment was higher in the surface layer than in the subsurface layer. Straw depth also increased the content of organic carbon in black soil and tidal cinnamon soil. (3) the maximum content of FA,HA and Hu in aggregates of Chao cinnamon soil was 0. 053 mm and 0. 25 mm 2mm, respectively. The maximum value of PQ was at 2~0.25mm level. With the increase of straw depth, the carbon content and PQ content of HA,Hu changed from the surface layer to the subsurface layer to the lower surface layer. Straw depth was also beneficial to the accumulation of carbon in HA and Hu, the increase of PQ value, the increase of humic degree and the improvement of humus quality. (4) the carbon content and condensation degree of HA in black soil control soil were higher than those in tidal cinnamon soil, and the oxidation degree was lower than that in tidal cinnamon soil. The HA quality of black soil is better than that of tidal cinnamon soil. The carbon content and oxidation degree of 2~0.25mm in tidal cinnamon soil were the largest and the degree of oxidation was the lowest, whereas 0.053mm particle size was opposite. Compared with the subsurface layer, the average carbon content of HA in black soil and tidal cinnamon soil is higher than that in subsurface layer, and the degree of oxidation is lower than that of subsurface layer, in addition, the condensation degree and thermal stability of black soil are lower than that of subsurface layer. Aliphatic carbon / carboxyl carbon and aliphatic carbon / aromatic carbon were higher than those in subsurface layer. The structure of HA in surface layer was simpler and younger. Straw depth also reduced the oxidation degree of HA in black soil and tidal cinnamon soil, and decreased the condensation degree and thermal stability of black soil. (5) the carbon content, condensation degree and oxidation degree of Hu in black soil were higher than those in corresponding HA, and the degree of oxidation was lower. The straw depth also reduced the oxidation degree and stability of Hu in the surface and subsurface aggregates of black soil, decreased the aliphatic chain hydrocarbons, increased the active structure, and simplified the structure of Hu.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4
本文編號(hào)：2393386
[Abstract]:The traditional straw returning to the field has some problems such as the influence of seed germination, slow soil temperature rise and the increase of diseases and pests. Straw depth and (Deep application of straw,DAS) can not only solve the problem of straw burning, but also achieve the purpose of carbon conservation, water storage, fertilization and stable production, which can improve the return of straw to the field. Exploring the effect of straw depth on soil humus can provide theoretical basis for how to improve soil fertility and how to make use of straw depth to create rational tilling layer. In this experiment, the black soil and the tidal cinnamon soil were divided into four grain-grades of 2mm ~ 2mm ~ 0.25mm ~ 0.25mm ~ 0.25mm ~ 0.053mm and 0.053mm by wet sieve method. The content of organic carbon of soil humus components was determined by humus composition modification method. (HA) and humin (Hu), were extracted from soil by elemental composition, IR and DTA to determine the structural characteristics of HA and Hu, so as to determine the effect of straw depth on the composition and structural characteristics of humus in soil aggregates. The results showed that: (1) the dominant grain-size of black soil and tidal cinnamon soil was 2~0.25mm grade, and the dominant grain-level content of black soil was lower than that of subsurface layer. Straw depth and (DAS) also promoted the increase of dominant grain grade in black soil and the increase of two large grain levels in fluvo-cinnamon soil. (2) the organic carbon content of black soil was generally higher than that of fluvo-cinnamon soil. The content of organic carbon in the black soil, the fluvo-cinnamon soil and the 800kg/667m2 treatment was higher in the surface layer than in the subsurface layer. Straw depth also increased the content of organic carbon in black soil and tidal cinnamon soil. (3) the maximum content of FA,HA and Hu in aggregates of Chao cinnamon soil was 0. 053 mm and 0. 25 mm 2mm, respectively. The maximum value of PQ was at 2~0.25mm level. With the increase of straw depth, the carbon content and PQ content of HA,Hu changed from the surface layer to the subsurface layer to the lower surface layer. Straw depth was also beneficial to the accumulation of carbon in HA and Hu, the increase of PQ value, the increase of humic degree and the improvement of humus quality. (4) the carbon content and condensation degree of HA in black soil control soil were higher than those in tidal cinnamon soil, and the oxidation degree was lower than that in tidal cinnamon soil. The HA quality of black soil is better than that of tidal cinnamon soil. The carbon content and oxidation degree of 2~0.25mm in tidal cinnamon soil were the largest and the degree of oxidation was the lowest, whereas 0.053mm particle size was opposite. Compared with the subsurface layer, the average carbon content of HA in black soil and tidal cinnamon soil is higher than that in subsurface layer, and the degree of oxidation is lower than that of subsurface layer, in addition, the condensation degree and thermal stability of black soil are lower than that of subsurface layer. Aliphatic carbon / carboxyl carbon and aliphatic carbon / aromatic carbon were higher than those in subsurface layer. The structure of HA in surface layer was simpler and younger. Straw depth also reduced the oxidation degree of HA in black soil and tidal cinnamon soil, and decreased the condensation degree and thermal stability of black soil. (5) the carbon content, condensation degree and oxidation degree of Hu in black soil were higher than those in corresponding HA, and the degree of oxidation was lower. The straw depth also reduced the oxidation degree and stability of Hu in the surface and subsurface aggregates of black soil, decreased the aliphatic chain hydrocarbons, increased the active structure, and simplified the structure of Hu.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 常曉慧;孔德剛;井上光弘;劉立意;張影微;蘇錦濤;;秸稈還田方式對(duì)春播期土壤溫度的影響[J];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年05期
2 周振方;胡雅杰;馬燦;薛天柱;郭映;魏國(guó)孝;;長(zhǎng)期傳統(tǒng)耕作對(duì)土壤團(tuán)聚體穩(wěn)定性及有機(jī)碳分布的影響[J];干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究;2012年06期
3 鄒洪濤;王勝楠;閆洪亮;馬迎波;范慶鋒;黃毅;張玉龍;;秸稈深還田對(duì)東北半干旱區(qū)土壤結(jié)構(gòu)及水分特征影響[J];干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究;2014年02期
4 程勤波;陳喜;趙玲玲;凌敏華;;飽和與非飽和帶土壤水動(dòng)力耦合模擬及入滲試驗(yàn)[J];河海大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2009年03期
5 李瑋;喬玉強(qiáng);陳歡;杜世州;趙竹;曹承富;;秸稈還田配施氮肥對(duì)砂姜黑土有機(jī)質(zhì)組分與碳庫管理指數(shù)的影響[J];生態(tài)與農(nóng)村環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2014年04期
6 喬海龍;劉小京;李偉強(qiáng);黃瑋;;秸稈深層覆蓋對(duì)水分入滲及蒸發(fā)的影響[J];中國(guó)水土保持科學(xué);2006年02期
7 姜燦爛;何園球;劉曉利;陳平幫;王艷玲;李輝信;;長(zhǎng)期施用有機(jī)肥對(duì)旱地紅壤團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)與穩(wěn)定性的影響[J];土壤學(xué)報(bào);2010年04期
8 鄒洪濤;馬迎波;徐萌;閆洪亮;范慶鋒;黃毅;張玉龍;;遼西半干旱區(qū)秸稈深還田對(duì)土壤含水量、容重及玉米產(chǎn)量的影響[J];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2012年04期
9 崔鳳娟;劉景輝;李立軍;高婕;李倩;;免耕秸稈覆蓋對(duì)土壤活性有機(jī)碳庫的影響[J];西北農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào);2012年09期
10 王麗;李軍;李娟;柏?zé)樝?;輪耕與施肥對(duì)渭北旱作玉米田土壤團(tuán)聚體和有機(jī)碳含量的影響[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2014年03期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 崔婷婷;秸稈深還對(duì)土壤腐殖質(zhì)組成與結(jié)構(gòu)特征的影響[D];吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年
，本文編號(hào)：2393386
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/nykj/2393386.html
最近更新
教材專著
