近30年有機(jī)氯農(nóng)藥和重金屬在中國(guó)北方嚙齒類動(dòng)物中的變化趨勢(shì)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-27 06:56
【摘要】：有機(jī)氯農(nóng)藥(Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs)能夠在環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)久存在,在生物鏈中積累放大,具有持久的高毒性,對(duì)環(huán)境和人類健康存在巨大危害。滴滴涕(Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane,DDT)和六六六(Hexachlorocyclohexane,HCHs)是OCPs的典型,在禁用之后的30年間,有關(guān)其環(huán)境中的陸生生物殘留特征變化情況的報(bào)道極少,本研究采集了河北饒陽(yáng)地區(qū)1983年至2010年間200多例黑線倉(cāng)鼠(Cricetulus Barabensis)樣品,檢測(cè)了肌肉組織中DDT、HCHs不同異構(gòu)體和骨骼中的重金屬銅(Cu)、鋅(Zn)、鉛(Pb)、砷(As)、鎘(Cd)。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果如下:(1)HCHs總量從1983年和1984年的937.82ng/g干重下降到2009年和2010年的10.57ng/g干重,下降了98.87%,半衰期為4.9年。α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH半衰期分別是5.9年、3.8年、6.4年。隨著時(shí)間的變化,β-HCH和α-HCH的比值呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì)。本研究用HCHs物理性質(zhì)和揮發(fā)遷移特征解釋研究結(jié)果與以往文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的不一致性。(2)DDT總量從1983年和1984年的1331.85 ng/g干重下降到2009年和2010年的35.42 ng/g干重,半衰期為6.4年。o,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDE、o,p’-DDD、p,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT和p,p’-DDT半衰期分別是12.0年、6.8年、6.4年、6.8年、6.0年、4.6年。o,p’-DDT和p,p’-DDT在總量中的比重明顯下降。o,p’-DDX濃度比p,p’-DDX低,但半衰期更長(zhǎng),o,p’-DDE、o,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT達(dá)12年、6.4年、6.0年。(3)手性o,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT的對(duì)映體分?jǐn)?shù)(Enantiomeric Fractions,EF)值小于0.5,黑線倉(cāng)鼠體內(nèi)CYP酶更易代謝右旋o,p’-DDD和o,p’-DDT。而α-HCH的EF值呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),EF值始終大于0.5,說(shuō)明饒陽(yáng)地區(qū)土壤微生物有代謝左旋α-HCH的傾向。(4)Pb、As在1983至2010年間分別下降了31.6%和15.0%,Cd略有下降,表現(xiàn)并不明顯。Cu和Zn屬于常量元素,Cu在1983至2002年下降24.7%,而在2006年至2010年上升了6.59倍。而Zn在早年維持在一個(gè)穩(wěn)定濃度,在2006年之后,呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì)。說(shuō)明饒陽(yáng)地區(qū)受工業(yè)污染影響較小,但是Cu在近幾年急劇上升,可能因?yàn)樵摰貐^(qū)河道水體污染嚴(yán)重,灌溉用水已被污染。
[Abstract]:Organochlorine pesticides (Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs) can exist in the environment for a long time, accumulate and amplify in the biological chain, have long-lasting high toxicity and great harm to the environment and human health. DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane,DDT) and BHC (Hexachlorocyclohexane,HCHs) are typical of OCPs, and in the 30 years since they were banned, there have been few reports of changes in the characteristics of terrestrial biological residues in their environments. In this study, more than 200 black line hamster (Cricetulus Barabensis) samples were collected from 1983 to 2010 in Raoyang area, Hebei Province. The heavy metal copper, zinc, (Zn), lead, (Pb), arsenic (As), in muscle tissue and bone were detected. Cadmium (Cd). The experimental results are as follows: (1) the total HCHs decreased from 937.82ng/g dry weight in 1983 and 1984 to 10.57ng/g dry weight in 2009 and 2010, with a half-life of 4.9 years. 偽-HCH, 尾-HCH, The half-life of 緯-HCH is 5.9 years, 3.8 years and 6.4 years respectively. The ratio of 尾-HCH to 偽-HCH decreased with time. In this study, the physical properties and volatile transport characteristics of HCHs were used to explain the inconsistency between the results of the study and those reported in previous literatures. (2) the total dry weight of DDT decreased from 1331.85 ng/g in 1983 and 1984 to 35.42 ng/g in 2009 and 2010. The half-life is 6.4 years. The half-lives of the two groups are 12.0 years, 6.8 years, 6.4 years, 6.8 years, respectively, and the half-lives are 12.0, 6.8, 6.4, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, respectively, and the half-lives are 12.0, 6.8, 6.4, 6.8, and 6.8, respectively. In 6.0 years, 4.6 years, the proportion of OFP-DDT and PNP-DDX in the total amount decreased obviously. The concentration of OOPA-DDX was lower than that of pCG-DDX, but the half-life was longer, and the concentration of OTP-DDE-DDEOPN-DDDX was lower than that of pCG-DDX, but the half-life was longer. (3) the enantiomeric fraction (Enantiomeric Fractions,EF) of p'-DDT was less than 0.5, and CYP enzyme was more easily metabolized in black line hamsters. P'-DDD and PDT. The EF value of 偽-HCH showed a downward trend, and the EF value was always greater than 0. 5, indicating that soil microbes tended to metabolize left 偽-HCH in Raoyang area. (4) Pb,As decreased by 31. 6% and 15. 0% from 1983 to 2010, respectively. Cu and Zn were constant elements, with Cu falling 24.7% between 1983 and 2002, compared with a 6.59 fold increase between 2006 and 2010. Zn remained stable in the early years and declined after 2006. The results show that Raoyang area is less affected by industrial pollution, but Cu has risen sharply in recent years, which may be due to the serious pollution of river water in Raoyang area and the pollution of irrigation water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X592
[Abstract]:Organochlorine pesticides (Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs) can exist in the environment for a long time, accumulate and amplify in the biological chain, have long-lasting high toxicity and great harm to the environment and human health. DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane,DDT) and BHC (Hexachlorocyclohexane,HCHs) are typical of OCPs, and in the 30 years since they were banned, there have been few reports of changes in the characteristics of terrestrial biological residues in their environments. In this study, more than 200 black line hamster (Cricetulus Barabensis) samples were collected from 1983 to 2010 in Raoyang area, Hebei Province. The heavy metal copper, zinc, (Zn), lead, (Pb), arsenic (As), in muscle tissue and bone were detected. Cadmium (Cd). The experimental results are as follows: (1) the total HCHs decreased from 937.82ng/g dry weight in 1983 and 1984 to 10.57ng/g dry weight in 2009 and 2010, with a half-life of 4.9 years. 偽-HCH, 尾-HCH, The half-life of 緯-HCH is 5.9 years, 3.8 years and 6.4 years respectively. The ratio of 尾-HCH to 偽-HCH decreased with time. In this study, the physical properties and volatile transport characteristics of HCHs were used to explain the inconsistency between the results of the study and those reported in previous literatures. (2) the total dry weight of DDT decreased from 1331.85 ng/g in 1983 and 1984 to 35.42 ng/g in 2009 and 2010. The half-life is 6.4 years. The half-lives of the two groups are 12.0 years, 6.8 years, 6.4 years, 6.8 years, respectively, and the half-lives are 12.0, 6.8, 6.4, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, respectively, and the half-lives are 12.0, 6.8, 6.4, 6.8, and 6.8, respectively. In 6.0 years, 4.6 years, the proportion of OFP-DDT and PNP-DDX in the total amount decreased obviously. The concentration of OOPA-DDX was lower than that of pCG-DDX, but the half-life was longer, and the concentration of OTP-DDE-DDEOPN-DDDX was lower than that of pCG-DDX, but the half-life was longer. (3) the enantiomeric fraction (Enantiomeric Fractions,EF) of p'-DDT was less than 0.5, and CYP enzyme was more easily metabolized in black line hamsters. P'-DDD and PDT. The EF value of 偽-HCH showed a downward trend, and the EF value was always greater than 0. 5, indicating that soil microbes tended to metabolize left 偽-HCH in Raoyang area. (4) Pb,As decreased by 31. 6% and 15. 0% from 1983 to 2010, respectively. Cu and Zn were constant elements, with Cu falling 24.7% between 1983 and 2002, compared with a 6.59 fold increase between 2006 and 2010. Zn remained stable in the early years and declined after 2006. The results show that Raoyang area is less affected by industrial pollution, but Cu has risen sharply in recent years, which may be due to the serious pollution of river water in Raoyang area and the pollution of irrigation water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X592
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