負(fù)水頭條件下土壤水分入滲和氮素分布規(guī)律研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-26 09:07
【摘要】：負(fù)壓灌溉施肥技術(shù)是一種節(jié)水、節(jié)肥、省能、省工的作物主動式土壤水分養(yǎng)分平穩(wěn)供應(yīng)技術(shù)。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)一方面實(shí)現(xiàn)了由作物自己決定何時供水供肥,省去人工灌水施肥的必要,有助于解決資源緊缺、環(huán)境污染等問題;另一方面實(shí)現(xiàn)了土壤水分平穩(wěn)供應(yīng),使得作物能在最適宜的水分和養(yǎng)分狀態(tài)下生長,可以有效解決水肥利用率低的問題。本文采用室內(nèi)土柱實(shí)驗(yàn)和溫室盆栽試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方式,研究了不同負(fù)水頭高度情況下土壤水分和硝態(tài)氮隨時間的動態(tài)變化。通過深入探究負(fù)水頭條件下土壤水分和氮素的分布規(guī)律,一方面為保證土壤中水分平穩(wěn)供應(yīng),使得作物全生育期均生長在最適宜的水分和養(yǎng)分狀態(tài);另一方面對于負(fù)壓灌溉的推廣應(yīng)用提供一定的技術(shù)支撐,便于促進(jìn)負(fù)壓灌溉技術(shù)健康發(fā)展。取得主要結(jié)論如下:(1)在不同高度負(fù)水頭條件下進(jìn)行室內(nèi)土柱實(shí)驗(yàn),對于不同負(fù)水頭條件下的累計(jì)入滲量、濕潤峰垂直推進(jìn)距離、入滲率以及時間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析研究。結(jié)果顯示,累計(jì)入滲量與時間呈冪函數(shù)關(guān)系,與時間平方根呈線性關(guān)系,與濕潤峰垂直推進(jìn)距離呈線性關(guān)系;濕潤峰垂直推進(jìn)距離與時間平方根呈線性關(guān)系;入滲率與濕潤峰推進(jìn)距離倒數(shù)呈線性關(guān)系。(2)解析不同負(fù)水頭條件下水分的一維入滲規(guī)律,結(jié)合室內(nèi)土柱實(shí)驗(yàn),初步認(rèn)為Philip入滲公式與Green-Ampt入滲公式在一定條件下的參數(shù)之間存在函數(shù)關(guān)系,在一定條件下Philip入滲公式和Kostiakov經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式能互相轉(zhuǎn)換。Philip入滲公式、Kostiakov經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式和Green-Ampt入滲公式擬合與實(shí)測的累計(jì)入滲量之間顯著相關(guān),表明負(fù)水頭條件下土壤水分基本符合一維入滲規(guī)律;通過對比3個公式擬合的累計(jì)入滲量與時間關(guān)系、入滲率和時間的關(guān)系,認(rèn)為在負(fù)水頭條件下,Kostiakov經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式擬合出的結(jié)果比較接近實(shí)測值,可以很好地?cái)M合出累計(jì)入滲量和入滲率與時間的關(guān)系,說明該公式在負(fù)水頭情況下適用性較好。(3)溫室盆栽試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)在相同施肥量和相同施肥方式、不同負(fù)水頭高度的情況下,土壤中硝態(tài)氮含量隨時間變化比較穩(wěn)定。肥料底施處理的土壤硝態(tài)氮含量以緩慢平穩(wěn)的速度因作物吸收而減少;連續(xù)施肥處理土壤中硝態(tài)氮含量基本保持不變或者以緩慢的速度稍有增加;施全肥處理土壤中硝態(tài)氮含量與處理為施一半肥料相比差異顯著,但是隨著灌溉施肥過程的進(jìn)行,二者間差異減小;同一負(fù)水頭高度及相同施肥量情況下,連續(xù)施全肥處理和連續(xù)施一半肥料處理土壤中硝態(tài)氮基本持平或者呈緩慢上升趨勢;底施全肥處理和底施一半肥處理土壤中硝態(tài)氮呈緩慢下降趨勢,隨著灌溉施肥過程的進(jìn)行,兩種處理方式條件下土壤中硝態(tài)氮含量趨于接近,在長時間灌溉施肥過程之后土壤中硝態(tài)氮含量基本相同。說明負(fù)水頭連續(xù)施肥條件下,土壤硝態(tài)氮含量變化平穩(wěn),分布較為均勻。
[Abstract]:The technology of negative pressure irrigation and fertilization is a kind of active soil moisture and nutrient stable supply technology which is water-saving, fertilizer saving, energy-saving and labor-saving. On the one hand, this technology realizes the decision of when to supply water and fertilizer by crops themselves, saves the necessity of artificial irrigation and fertilization, and helps to solve the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution. On the other hand, the stable supply of soil moisture enables crops to grow under the most suitable water and nutrient conditions, which can effectively solve the problem of low water and fertilizer use efficiency. In this paper, the dynamic changes of soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen with different negative water head height were studied by the combination of soil column experiment and greenhouse pot experiment. The distribution of soil water and nitrogen under negative water head condition was studied. On the one hand, in order to ensure the steady supply of soil water, the crops grew in the most suitable water and nutrient state during the whole growth period. On the other hand, it provides some technical support for the popularization and application of negative pressure irrigation, which is convenient to promote the healthy development of negative pressure irrigation technology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Indoor soil column experiments were carried out under the condition of different negative water head. The relationship among cumulative infiltration amount, vertical advance distance of wetting peak, infiltration rate and time under different negative water head conditions were analyzed and studied. The results show that cumulative infiltration is power function with time, linear with square root of time, linear with vertical advance distance of wetting peak, linear with time square root with vertical advancing distance of wetting peak. The infiltration rate is linearly related to the reciprocal of the advancing distance of the wetting peak. (2) the one-dimensional infiltration law of water under different negative water head conditions is analyzed, and the soil column experiment is carried out in the laboratory. It is preliminarily considered that there is a functional relationship between the parameters of Philip infiltration formula and Green-Ampt infiltration formula under certain conditions. Under certain conditions, Philip infiltration formula and Kostiakov empirical formula can be converted to each other. Philip infiltration formula. The fitting of Kostiakov empirical formula and Green-Ampt infiltration formula was significantly correlated with the measured cumulative infiltration amount, which indicated that soil moisture under negative water head basically accords with one-dimensional infiltration law. By comparing the relationship between cumulative infiltration amount and time, infiltration rate and time, it is considered that under the condition of negative water head, the fitting result of Kostiakov empirical formula is close to the measured value. The relationship between cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and time can be fitted well, which shows that the formula is suitable for negative water head. (3) the greenhouse pot experiment found that the same amount of fertilizer and the same fertilization mode were found. Under the condition of different negative water head height, the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil changed steadily with time. The nitrate nitrogen content in the soil of the fertilizer application treatment decreased slowly and steadily with the crop absorption, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil of the continuous fertilization treatment remained basically unchanged or increased slightly at a slow rate. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil treated with full fertilizer was significantly different from that in the treatment of half fertilizer, but the difference between them decreased with the process of irrigation and fertilization. Under the condition of the same negative water head height and the same amount of fertilizer, the nitrate nitrogen in the soil of the continuous fertilizer treatment and the continuous half fertilizer treatment was basically equal or slowly rising. The nitrate nitrogen content in the soil decreased slowly with the process of irrigation and fertilization, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil tended to be close under the two treatments. After a long period of irrigation and fertilization, the nitrate content in soil was basically the same. The results showed that under the condition of continuous fertilization with negative water head, the content of nitrate in soil changed steadily and the distribution was more uniform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S152.7
本文編號：2391862
[Abstract]:The technology of negative pressure irrigation and fertilization is a kind of active soil moisture and nutrient stable supply technology which is water-saving, fertilizer saving, energy-saving and labor-saving. On the one hand, this technology realizes the decision of when to supply water and fertilizer by crops themselves, saves the necessity of artificial irrigation and fertilization, and helps to solve the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution. On the other hand, the stable supply of soil moisture enables crops to grow under the most suitable water and nutrient conditions, which can effectively solve the problem of low water and fertilizer use efficiency. In this paper, the dynamic changes of soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen with different negative water head height were studied by the combination of soil column experiment and greenhouse pot experiment. The distribution of soil water and nitrogen under negative water head condition was studied. On the one hand, in order to ensure the steady supply of soil water, the crops grew in the most suitable water and nutrient state during the whole growth period. On the other hand, it provides some technical support for the popularization and application of negative pressure irrigation, which is convenient to promote the healthy development of negative pressure irrigation technology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Indoor soil column experiments were carried out under the condition of different negative water head. The relationship among cumulative infiltration amount, vertical advance distance of wetting peak, infiltration rate and time under different negative water head conditions were analyzed and studied. The results show that cumulative infiltration is power function with time, linear with square root of time, linear with vertical advance distance of wetting peak, linear with time square root with vertical advancing distance of wetting peak. The infiltration rate is linearly related to the reciprocal of the advancing distance of the wetting peak. (2) the one-dimensional infiltration law of water under different negative water head conditions is analyzed, and the soil column experiment is carried out in the laboratory. It is preliminarily considered that there is a functional relationship between the parameters of Philip infiltration formula and Green-Ampt infiltration formula under certain conditions. Under certain conditions, Philip infiltration formula and Kostiakov empirical formula can be converted to each other. Philip infiltration formula. The fitting of Kostiakov empirical formula and Green-Ampt infiltration formula was significantly correlated with the measured cumulative infiltration amount, which indicated that soil moisture under negative water head basically accords with one-dimensional infiltration law. By comparing the relationship between cumulative infiltration amount and time, infiltration rate and time, it is considered that under the condition of negative water head, the fitting result of Kostiakov empirical formula is close to the measured value. The relationship between cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and time can be fitted well, which shows that the formula is suitable for negative water head. (3) the greenhouse pot experiment found that the same amount of fertilizer and the same fertilization mode were found. Under the condition of different negative water head height, the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil changed steadily with time. The nitrate nitrogen content in the soil of the fertilizer application treatment decreased slowly and steadily with the crop absorption, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil of the continuous fertilization treatment remained basically unchanged or increased slightly at a slow rate. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil treated with full fertilizer was significantly different from that in the treatment of half fertilizer, but the difference between them decreased with the process of irrigation and fertilization. Under the condition of the same negative water head height and the same amount of fertilizer, the nitrate nitrogen in the soil of the continuous fertilizer treatment and the continuous half fertilizer treatment was basically equal or slowly rising. The nitrate nitrogen content in the soil decreased slowly with the process of irrigation and fertilization, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil tended to be close under the two treatments. After a long period of irrigation and fertilization, the nitrate content in soil was basically the same. The results showed that under the condition of continuous fertilization with negative water head, the content of nitrate in soil changed steadily and the distribution was more uniform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S152.7
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